National Cancer Institute National Institute of Health Bethesda MD USA.
Mediators Inflamm. 1993;2(7):S5-S10. doi: 10.1155/S0962935193000675.
Whole bacteria or bacterial components or their extracts were employed to restore or augment the immune system. Beneficial effects were attained with these agents in treating various diseases. These agents were named biological response modifiers (BRMs) because they regulated certain cellular components of the immune system. The cellular regulation induced by these BRMs was found to be due to cytokines. The cytokines were shown to act directly on the various cellular components and to provide therapeutic benefit in various autoimmune and immune deficiency diseases. Overproduction of specific cytokines however leads to a deleterious effect on the host. Overproduction of tumour necrosis factor (endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide) leads to septic shock. Bacteraemia is the leading cause of overproduction of tumour necrosis factor (TNF). Septic shock in many cases leads to death. Several monoclonal antibodies to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and anticytokines have demonstrated protection against septic shock.
全细菌或细菌成分或其提取物被用于恢复或增强免疫系统。这些药物在治疗各种疾病方面取得了有益的效果。由于它们调节免疫系统的某些细胞成分,这些药物被命名为生物反应调节剂(BRM)。这些 BRM 诱导的细胞调节被发现是由于细胞因子。这些细胞因子被证明可以直接作用于各种细胞成分,并在各种自身免疫和免疫缺陷疾病中提供治疗益处。然而,某些细胞因子的过度产生会对宿主产生有害影响。肿瘤坏死因子(内毒素、脂多糖)的过度产生会导致感染性休克。菌血症是肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)过度产生的主要原因。在许多情况下,感染性休克会导致死亡。几种针对脂多糖(LPS)和抗细胞因子的单克隆抗体已被证明可以预防感染性休克。