身体活动作为绿地与健康关系背后的一种可能机制：一项多层次分析。
Physical activity as a possible mechanism behind the relationship between green space and health: a multilevel analysis.
作者信息
Maas Jolanda, Verheij Robert A, Spreeuwenberg Peter, Groenewegen Peter P
机构信息
NIVEL (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), PO Box 1568, 3500 BN, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2008 Jun 10;8:206. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-206.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to investigate whether physical activity (in general, and more specifically, walking and cycling during leisure time and for commuting purposes, sports and gardening) is an underlying mechanism in the relationship between the amount of green space in people's direct living environment and self-perceived health. To study this, we first investigated whether the amount of green space in the living environment is related to the level of physical activity. When an association between green space and physical activity was found, we analysed whether this could explain the relationship between green space and health.
METHODS
The study includes 4.899 Dutch people who were interviewed about physical activity, self-perceived health and demographic and socioeconomic background. The amount of green space within a one-kilometre and a three-kilometre radius around the postal code coordinates was calculated for each individual. Multivariate multilevel analyses and multilevel logistic regression analyses were performed at two levels and with controls for socio-demographic characteristics and urbanicity.
RESULTS
No relationship was found between the amount of green space in the living environment and whether or not people meet the Dutch public health recommendations for physical activity, sports and walking for commuting purposes. People with more green space in their living environment walked and cycled less often and fewer minutes during leisure time; people with more green space garden more often and spend more time on gardening. Furthermore, if people cycle for commuting purposes they spend more time on this if they live in a greener living environment. Whether or not people garden, the time spent on gardening and time spent on cycling for commuting purposes did not explain the relationship between green space and health.
CONCLUSION
Our study indicates that the amount of green space in the living environment is scarcely related to the level of physical activity. Furthermore, the amount of physical activity undertaken in greener living environments does not explain the relationship between green space and health.
背景
本研究旨在调查体力活动（总体而言，更具体地说，休闲时间及通勤时的步行和骑行、运动及园艺活动）是否是人们直接生活环境中的绿地面积与自我感知健康之间关系的潜在机制。为研究此问题，我们首先调查了生活环境中的绿地面积是否与体力活动水平相关。当发现绿地与体力活动之间存在关联时，我们分析了这是否能解释绿地与健康之间的关系。
方法
该研究纳入了4899名荷兰人，他们接受了关于体力活动、自我感知健康以及人口统计学和社会经济背景的访谈。为每个个体计算其邮政编码坐标周围1公里和3公里半径范围内的绿地面积。在两个层面上进行了多变量多层次分析和多层次逻辑回归分析，并对社会人口学特征和城市化程度进行了控制。
结果
未发现生活环境中的绿地面积与人们是否达到荷兰关于体力活动、运动及通勤步行的公共卫生建议之间存在关系。生活环境中绿地较多的人在休闲时间步行和骑行的频率较低，时间也较少；生活环境中绿地较多的人园艺活动更频繁，且花在园艺上的时间更多。此外，如果人们通勤骑自行车，那么他们住在绿化更好的生活环境中时会在这方面花费更多时间。无论人们是否从事园艺活动，花在园艺上的时间以及通勤骑自行车的时间都无法解释绿地与健康之间的关系。
结论
我们的研究表明，生活环境中的绿地面积与体力活动水平几乎没有关系。此外，在绿化更好的生活环境中进行的体力活动量并不能解释绿地与健康之间的关系。
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