Haig Brian D
Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand.
J Clin Psychol. 2008 Sep;64(9):1019-22. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20506.
This short article is a précis of the author's (2005a) abductive theory of scientific method. This theory of method assembles a complex of specific strategies and methods of relevance to psychology that are employed in the detection of empirical phenomena and the subsequent construction of explanatory theories. A characterization of the nature of phenomena is given, and the process of their detection is briefly described in terms of a multistage model of data analysis. The construction of explanatory theories is shown to involve their generation through abductive, or explanatory, reasoning, their development through analogical modeling, and their fuller appraisal in terms of judgments of the best of competing explanations. The nature and limits of this theory of method are discussed in the light of relevant developments in scientific methodology.
这篇短文是作者(2005a)关于科学方法的溯因理论的概述。该方法理论汇集了一系列与心理学相关的特定策略和方法,这些策略和方法用于发现经验现象以及随后构建解释性理论。文中给出了现象本质的特征描述,并根据数据分析的多阶段模型简要描述了现象的发现过程。解释性理论的构建表明,这涉及通过溯因推理或解释性推理来生成理论,通过类比建模来发展理论,并根据对相互竞争的解释中最佳解释的判断进行更全面的评估。本文根据科学方法论的相关发展讨论了该方法理论的性质和局限性。