Davis W Jackson, Wood Daniel T, Andrews Ryan G, Elkind Les M, Davis W Bart
Division of Physical and Biological Sciences and Strength and Conditioning Coach, Athletic Department, University of California at Santa Cruz, USA.
J Strength Cond Res. 2008 Sep;22(5):1503-14. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181739f9f.
We evaluated the effects of concurrent strength and aerobic endurance training on cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory adaptations in college athletes and compared two concurrent exercise (CE) protocols. Separate experiments were performed on 30 women (mean age 19.6 years) and 20 men (20.4 years). In both experiments, subjects were divided into two groups (serial CE and integrated CE) matched for initial physical condition and trained in a vigorous 3-day per week CE program of 9 (men) to 11 (women) weeks. The two CE training protocols were equilibrated for exercise mode, intensity, and volume, differing only in the timing and sequence of exercises. During training, serial CE discernibly (p < 0.05) increased cardiovascular adaptation in women, indicated by reduction (-5.7%) in active heart rate (HR) (HR/aerobic exercise intensity), whereas integrated CE discernibly reduced active HR in women (-10.7%) and men (-9.1%). Before and after comparisons in the larger sample of women showed that serial CE discernibly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) (-8.7% and -14.0%, respectively), increased estimated [latin capital V with dot above]o2max (18.9%), and produced a trend (0.10 > p > 0.05) toward reduced resting HR (-4.9%). Integrated CE in women discernibly reduced systolic and diastolic BP (-13.2% and -12.6%, respectively), increased estimated [latin capital V with dot above]o2max (22.9%), and produced a trend toward reduced resting HR (-2.4%). Integrated CE produced discernibly larger gains than serial CE or a trend for four of six training adaptations. Effect sizes were generally large (60.0% of discernible differences). We conclude that, for cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory adaptations in athletes, strength and endurance training are compatible and that exercise timing and sequence significantly influence training adaptations, complimenting our previous similar conclusions for strength, muscle endurance, body composition, and flexibility.
我们评估了力量训练与有氧耐力训练同时进行对大学生运动员心血管和心肺功能适应性的影响，并比较了两种同时进行的运动（CE）方案。分别对30名女性（平均年龄19.6岁）和20名男性（20.4岁）进行了实验。在两个实验中，受试者均被分为两组（连续CE组和综合CE组），两组初始身体状况匹配，并接受每周3天、为期9周（男性）至11周（女性）的高强度CE训练计划。两种CE训练方案在运动模式、强度和运动量方面达到平衡，仅在运动时间和顺序上有所不同。在训练期间，连续CE组显著（p<0.05）提高了女性的心血管适应性，表现为运动心率（HR）降低（-5.7%）（HR/有氧运动强度），而综合CE组显著降低了女性（-10.7%）和男性（-9.1%）的运动心率。在更大样本的女性中进行的前后比较显示，连续CE组显著降低了收缩压和舒张压（分别为-8.7%和-14.0%），提高了估计的最大摄氧量（[latin capital V with dot above]o2max）（18.9%），并呈现出静息心率降低的趋势（-4.9%，0.10>p>0.05）。女性综合CE组显著降低了收缩压和舒张压（分别为-13.2%和-12.6%），提高了估计的最大摄氧量（22.9%），并呈现出静息心率降低的趋势（-2.4%）。综合CE组在六种训练适应性中的四种方面产生的增益明显大于连续CE组，或呈现出一种趋势。效应量通常较大（可察觉差异的60.0%）。我们得出结论，对于运动员的心血管和心肺功能适应性而言，力量训练和耐力训练是相容的，并且运动时间和顺序会显著影响训练适应性，这与我们之前关于力量、肌肉耐力、身体成分和柔韧性的类似结论相符。
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