治疗成瘾性疾病的新型药物。
Novel medications to treat addictive disorders.
作者信息
Montoya Iván D, Vocci Frank
机构信息
Division of Pharmacotherapies and Medical Consequences of Drug Abuse, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 6001 Executive Boulevard, Room 4143, Bethesda, MD 20892-9551, USA.
出版信息
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2008 Oct;10(5):392-8. doi: 10.1007/s11920-008-0063-9.
Recent discoveries about the effects of drugs of abuse on the brain and the mechanisms of their addictions; new chemical compounds, including immunotherapies; and new actions of available medications are offering many opportunities for the discovery and development of novel medications to treat addictive disorders. Furthermore, advancements in the understanding of the genetic and epigenetic basis of drug addiction and the pharmacogenetics of the safety and/or efficacy of the medications are providing opportunities for more individualized pharmacotherapy approaches. Although multiple medications have been investigated for treating addictions, only a handful have shown acceptable safety and efficacy and are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. This article reviews the current medications that are medically safe and have shown promising results for treating opioid, cocaine, methamphetamine, and cannabis addictions.
近期关于滥用药物对大脑的影响及其成瘾机制的发现；新的化合物，包括免疫疗法；以及现有药物的新作用，为发现和开发治疗成瘾性疾病的新型药物提供了诸多机会。此外，在理解药物成瘾的遗传和表观遗传基础以及药物安全性和/或有效性的药物遗传学方面取得的进展，为更个性化的药物治疗方法提供了机会。尽管已经对多种药物进行了治疗成瘾的研究，但只有少数药物显示出可接受的安全性和有效性，并获得了美国食品药品监督管理局的批准。本文综述了目前在医学上安全且在治疗阿片类药物、可卡因、甲基苯丙胺和大麻成瘾方面显示出有前景结果的药物。
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