Unkelbach Christian, Stahl Christoph
Psychologisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Conscious Cogn. 2009 Mar;18(1):22-38. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2008.09.006. Epub 2008 Nov 5.
The subjective impression that statements are true increases when statements are presented repeatedly. There are two sources for this truth effect: An increase in validity based on recollection (a controlled process) and increase in processing fluency due to repeated exposure (an automatic process). Using multinomial processing trees (MPT), we present a comprehensive model of the truth effect. Furthermore, we show that whilst the increase in processing fluency is indeed automatic, the interpretation and use of that experience is not. Experiment 1 demonstrates the standard use of the fluency experience and Experiment 2 demonstrates that people can change the interpretation of the experience according to its ecological validity. By implication, the truth effect represents the adaptive usage of feedback received from internal processes.
当陈述被反复呈现时，人们会越发觉得这些陈述是真实的。这种真理效应有两个来源：一是基于回忆（一个可控过程）的效度增加，二是由于反复接触导致的加工流畅性增加（一个自动过程）。我们使用多项式加工树（MPT）提出了一个关于真理效应的综合模型。此外，我们还表明，虽然加工流畅性的增加确实是自动的，但对这种体验的解读和运用并非如此。实验1展示了流畅性体验的标准运用，实验2则表明人们可以根据其生态效度改变对该体验的解读。由此可见，真理效应代表了对从内部过程接收到的反馈的适应性运用。
