Grünig Christoph R, Queloz Valentin, Duò Angelo, Sieber Thomas N
ETH Zürich, Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), Forest Pathology and Dendrology, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
Mycol Res. 2009 Feb;113(Pt 2):207-21. doi: 10.1016/j.mycres.2008.10.005. Epub 2008 Oct 31.
Dark, septate endophytes (DSE) were isolated from roots and needles of dwarf Picea abies and from roots of Vaccinium spp. growing on a permafrost site in the Jura Mountains in Switzerland. Two of the isolates sporulated after incubation for more than one year at 4 degrees C. One of them was a hitherto undescribed helotialean ascomycete Phaeomollisia piceae gen. sp. nov., the other was a new species of Phialocephala, P. glacialis sp. nov. Both species are closely related to DSE of the Phialocephala fortinii s. lat.-Acephala applanata species complex (PAC) as revealed by phylogenetic analyses of the ITS and 18S rDNA regions. Morphologically dissimilar fungi, such as Vibrissea and Loramyces species, are phylogenetically also closely linked to the new species and the PAC. Cadophora lagerbergii and C. (Phialophora) botulispora are moved to Phialocephala because Phialocephala dimorphospora and P. repens are the closest relatives. Several Mollisia species were closely related to the new species and the PAC according to ITS sequence comparisons. One DSE from needles of Abies alba and one from shoots of Castanea sativa formed Cystodendron anamorphs in culture. Their identical 18S sequences and almost identical ITS sequences indicated Mollisia species as closest relatives, suggesting that Mollisia species are highly euryoecious.
从瑞士汝拉山脉永久冻土地区生长的矮生欧洲云杉的根和针叶以及越橘属植物的根中分离出深色有隔内生菌（DSE）。其中两个分离株在4℃下培养一年多后产生了孢子。其中一个是迄今未描述的柔膜菌目子囊菌，新种云杉暗隔孢（Phaeomollisia piceae gen. sp. nov.），另一个是新种瓶霉属真菌，冰川瓶霉（P. glacialis sp. nov.）。系统发育分析表明，这两个物种与广义瓶霉（Phialocephala fortinii）-扁平无孢菌（Acephala applanata）物种复合体（PAC）的DSE密切相关。形态上不同的真菌，如颤孢属（Vibrissea）和洛拉霉属（Loramyces）物种，在系统发育上也与新物种和PAC密切相关。lagerbergii帚梗柱孢（Cadophora lagerbergii）和肉毒帚梗柱孢（C. (Phialophora) botulispora）被归入瓶霉属，因为二型瓶霉（Phialocephala dimorphospora）和匍匐瓶霉（P. repens）是它们最近的亲缘种。根据ITS序列比较，几个小核菌属（Mollisia）物种与新物种和PAC密切相关。来自欧洲冷杉针叶的一个DSE和来自欧洲栗嫩枝的一个DSE在培养中形成了囊状枝孢属（Cystodendron）的无性型。它们相同的18S序列和几乎相同的ITS序列表明小核菌属物种是其最亲近的亲缘种，这表明小核菌属物种具有高度的广适性。
