Lang Pierre-Olivier, Belmin Joël, Michel Jean-Pierre
Département de réhabilitation et gériatrie, Faculté de médecine et Hôpitaux universitaires de Genève, CH-1226 Thônex-Genève, Suisse.
Presse Med. 2009 Apr;38(4):571-83. doi: 10.1016/j.lpm.2008.05.019. Epub 2008 Nov 22.
The varicella-zoster virus is an exclusively human herpesvirus, responsible for chickenpox. Its reactivation, after several decades, causes herpes zoster (shingles). Herpes zoster produces a rash, classically metameric, that causes acute pain and complications to elderly patients. The last, most painful, and disabling of these is postherpetic neuralgia. This neuralgia is defined as a painful syndrome lasting for more than 30 days after eruption of the rash. Today's systemic antiviral drugs can reduce the severity of the eruption, limit the pain, and diminish the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia. A recent advance in primary prevention is approval of a vaccine (Zostavax) to prevent herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in subjects 60 years or older.
水痘带状疱疹病毒是一种仅感染人类的疱疹病毒,可引起水痘。几十年后,其再激活会导致带状疱疹(缠腰龙)。带状疱疹会产生皮疹,典型表现为沿身体节段分布,给老年患者带来急性疼痛和并发症。其中最严重、最疼痛且致残的是带状疱疹后神经痛。这种神经痛被定义为皮疹出现后持续超过30天的疼痛综合征。如今的全身性抗病毒药物可减轻皮疹的严重程度、缓解疼痛并降低带状疱疹后神经痛的发生率。一级预防方面的一项最新进展是一种疫苗(欣安立适)获批,用于预防60岁及以上人群的带状疱疹和带状疱疹后神经痛。