Marzolo Maria-Paz, Bu Guojun
FONDAP Center for Cell Regulation and Pathology (CRCP), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile and MIFAB, Santiago, Chile.
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2009 Apr;20(2):191-200. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2008.10.005. Epub 2008 Oct 17.
Amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide accumulation in the brain is central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Abeta is produced through proteolytic processing of a transmembrane protein, beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP), by beta- and gamma-secretases. Mounting evidence has demonstrated that alterations in APP cellular trafficking and localization directly impact its processing to Abeta. Members of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family, including LRP, LRP1B, SorLA/LR11, and apoER2, interact with APP and regulate its endocytic trafficking. Additionally, APP trafficking and processing are greatly affected by cellular cholesterol content. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the roles of lipoprotein receptors and cholesterol in APP trafficking and processing and their implication for AD pathogenesis and therapy.
β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)肽在大脑中的积累是阿尔茨海默病(AD)发病机制的核心。Aβ是通过β-和γ-分泌酶对跨膜蛋白β-淀粉样前体蛋白(APP)进行蛋白水解加工而产生的。越来越多的证据表明,APP细胞运输和定位的改变直接影响其向Aβ的加工过程。低密度脂蛋白受体家族成员,包括LRP、LRP1B、SorLA/LR11和载脂蛋白E受体2(apoER2),与APP相互作用并调节其胞吞运输。此外,APP的运输和加工受到细胞胆固醇含量的极大影响。在这篇综述中,我们总结了目前对脂蛋白受体和胆固醇在APP运输和加工中的作用及其对AD发病机制和治疗的影响的理解。