干细胞发生了什么？

What happened to the stem cells?

作者信息

Hviid Nielsen T

机构信息

Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway.

出版信息

J Med Ethics. 2008 Dec;34(12):852-7. doi: 10.1136/jme.2007.022236.

DOI:10.1136/jme.2007.022236

PMID:19043108

Abstract

Five partly successive and partly overlapping framings have dominated the public debate about human embryonic stem cells since they first were "derived" a decade ago. Geron Corporation staged the initial framings as 1) basic research and 2) medical hope, but these two were immediately refuted and opposed by 3) bioethical concerns, voiced by influential politicians and leaders of opinion. Thereafter, the research community presented adult stem cells and therapeutic cloning as 4) techno-fix solutions supposed to bypass these ethical concerns. And in recent years, 5) institutional limitations to and hurdles within the university-industrial complex (such as patentability, misconduct and fraud) have attracted more attention. The article purifies the arguments and points out the interests and institutions behind the five framings. It also discusses their interplay and finally addresses the question of what happened to the stem cells?

摘要

自十年前人类胚胎干细胞首次被“提取”以来，五种部分相继且部分重叠的框架主导了关于它的公众辩论。杰龙公司最初将其构建为1）基础研究和2）医学希望，但这两者立即遭到了3）生物伦理方面的担忧，这些担忧由有影响力的政治家和舆论领袖表达出来。此后，研究界将成体干细胞和治疗性克隆作为4）技术解决方案提出来，认为可以绕过这些伦理问题。近年来，5）大学-产业联合体内部的制度限制和障碍（如可专利性、不当行为和欺诈）受到了更多关注。本文梳理了这些论点，指出了这五种框架背后的利益和机构。它还讨论了它们之间的相互作用，最后探讨了干细胞的现状问题。