Inhibitory effect of Egyptian propolis on Fasciola gigantica eggs with reference to its effect on Clostridium oedematiens and correlation to chemical composition.

The chemical composition of the propolis samples was investigated by GC/MS and HPLC. 91 compounds have been identified, 26 compounds are being new to propolis. Siwa oasis propolis was characterized by the presence of diprenyl-dihydrocoumaric acids (4.15%), coumarate esters (10.93%), benzofuran lignans (13.47%) and valeric acids derivatives (11.42%). Matrooh sample was characterized by the presence of new ferulate esters, hydroxy acetophenones and furanon derivatives, furofuran lignans and sterol from pregnane type. Dakahlia propolis was a typical poplar propolis. The present study proved evidence of inhibitory activity of propolis on the vitality and hatchability of immature F. gigantica eggs, where three different localities in Egypt were tested for this purpose. The Siwa propolis showed the highest inhibitory effect than the other sources. The complete failure of development and death of all immature eggs were recorded at concentration of 200 microg mL(-1) of Siwa, 400 microg mL(-1) of Matrooh and 800 microg mL(-1) of Dakahlia propolis. The exposed F. gigantica egg shell revealed the same features as the non exposed egg shell when scanning with the electron microscopy. The three propolis samples showed inhibition in the growth of associated bacterium Clostridium oedematiens (Clostridium novyi) type B to fascioliasis. The inhibition varied according to the propolis origin.