Yokoyama H, Takase S, Misawa Y, Hagiwara K, Tanji M, Takahashi S, Watanabe M, Kondo S
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
Kyobu Geka. 2009 Jan;62(1):28-33.
Urgent pump conversion during off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) results in high morbidity and mortality. We retrospectively evaluated if the peri-operative integrated strategy prevents this lethal event in our 400 consecutive OPCAB operations. The patients with preoperative cardiogenic shock and/or ventricular arrhythmias underwent on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). All other patients (99% of total CABG) were scheduled to undergo OPCAB (n=400). Prophylactic intraaortic balloon pumping (IABP) was applied to the patients with critical (>95%) left main trunk stenosis or low (<0.35) left ventricular ejection fraction. All the patients received the deep pericardial suture, apex-traction device, suction-type stabilizer, test-clamp of target coronary arteries by micro bulldog clamp, and intra-coronary shunts. Intra-operative IABP was applied in the case of sustained ST-segment change and/or elevated pulmonary artery pressure. Pump conversion was indicated for the patients with ventricular fibrillation and/or cardiogenic shock. Two patients (0.5%) had pump conversion due to ventricular arrhythmia and sustained hypotension, respectively. These pump conversion did not result in hospital mortality. Three hospital deaths (0.7%) occurred due to non-cardiac causes. The integrated strategy using prophylactic or intra-operative IABP in OPCAB produce a low pump conversion rate even during an early period of surgeon's learning curve.
非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术(OPCAB)期间紧急转为体外循环会导致高发病率和死亡率。我们回顾性评估了围手术期综合策略是否能在我们连续进行的400例OPCAB手术中预防这一致命事件。术前发生心源性休克和/或室性心律失常的患者接受体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术(CABG)。所有其他患者(占CABG总数的99%)计划接受OPCAB(n = 400)。预防性主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)应用于左主干严重狭窄(>95%)或左心室射血分数低(<0.35)的患者。所有患者均接受了心包深层缝合、心尖牵引装置、吸引式稳定器、用微型弹簧夹对目标冠状动脉进行测试夹闭以及冠状动脉内分流。术中在出现持续性ST段改变和/或肺动脉压升高的情况下应用IABP。因心室颤动和/或心源性休克的患者需转为体外循环。两名患者(0.5%)分别因室性心律失常和持续性低血压而转为体外循环。这些转为体外循环并未导致医院死亡。三例医院死亡(0.7%)是由非心脏原因导致的。在OPCAB中使用预防性或术中IABP的综合策略即使在外科医生学习曲线的早期也能产生较低的体外循环转换率。