Smith K M, Fowler G D, Pullket S, Graham N J D
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
Water Res. 2009 Jun;43(10):2569-94. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.02.038. Epub 2009 Mar 10.
The imposition of more stringent legislation governing the disposal and utilisation of sewage sludge, coupled with the growth in its generation and the loss of traditionally accepted disposal routes, has prompted a drive for alternative uses for sewage sludge. One option that exhibits special promise, due to its potential to valorise the sludge, is the conversion of the sludge into adsorbents. This paper seeks to review the published research in this field: it covers the means of production, the characteristics and the potential applications of sewage sludge-based adsorbents (SBAs). The literature has indicated that chemical activation utilising alkali metal hydroxides is the most effective technique for producing high surface area SBAs. In addition, acid washing is highly effective at raising the BET surface area of SBAs, especially when coupled with physical activation. Due to their relatively low microporosity, the phenol uptake of SBAs produced by physical activation is low, but through a combination of their favourable surface chemistry and relatively high mesoporosity, the best of these adsorbents can attain high uptakes of organic dyes. The SBAs produced by carbonisation, through their high cation exchange capacity, generally exhibit a high metal cation capacity. For further research, the following investigations are recommended: the utilisation of alternative chemical activation reagents; the optimisation of the most effective chemical activation techniques; the combined utilisation of different activation and surface chemistry modification techniques to produce application-specific adsorbents.
对污水污泥处置和利用实施更严格的立法，再加上其产量的增长以及传统上认可的处置途径的减少，促使人们寻求污水污泥的替代用途。由于具有使污泥增值的潜力，一种特别有前景的选择是将污泥转化为吸附剂。本文旨在综述该领域已发表的研究：涵盖基于污水污泥的吸附剂（SBAs）的生产方法、特性及潜在应用。文献表明，利用碱金属氢氧化物进行化学活化是生产高比表面积SBAs最有效的技术。此外，酸洗在提高SBAs的BET比表面积方面非常有效，尤其是与物理活化结合使用时。由于物理活化产生的SBAs微孔率相对较低，其对苯酚的吸附量较低，但通过其良好的表面化学性质和相对较高的介孔率相结合，这些吸附剂中最好的可以实现对有机染料的高吸附量。碳化产生的SBAs通过其高阳离子交换容量，通常表现出较高的金属阳离子容量。对于进一步的研究，建议进行以下调查：使用替代化学活化试剂；优化最有效的化学活化技术；联合使用不同的活化和表面化学改性技术以生产特定应用的吸附剂。
