结直肠癌的个体化治疗：KRAS 作为 EGFR 靶向治疗反应的标志物。
Individualized therapies in colorectal cancer: KRAS as a marker for response to EGFR-targeted therapy.
机构信息
Departments of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
出版信息
J Hematol Oncol. 2009 Apr 22;2:18. doi: 10.1186/1756-8722-2-18.
Individualized therapies that are tailored to a patient's genetic composition will be of tremendous value for treatment of cancer. Recently, Kirsten ras (KRAS) status has emerged as a predictor of response to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeted therapies. In this article, we will discuss targeted therapies for colorectal cancers (CRC) based on EGFR signaling pathway and review published data about the potential usefulness of KRAS as a biological marker for response to these therapies. Results from relevant studies published since 2005 and unpublished results presented at national meetings were retrieved and summarized. These studies reflected response (or lack of response) to EGFR-targeted therapies in patients with metastatic CRC as a function of KRAS status. It has become clear that patients with colorectal cancer whose tumor has an activating mutation in KRAS do not respond to monoclonal antibody therapies targeting EGFR. It should now become a standard practice that any patients being considered for EGFR targeted therapies have their tumors tested for KRAS status and only those with wild-type KRAS being offered such therapies.
针对患者基因构成量身定制的个体化治疗对于癌症治疗将具有巨大价值。最近，Kirsten ras（KRAS）状态已成为预测表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）靶向治疗反应的指标。本文将讨论基于 EGFR 信号通路的结直肠癌（CRC）的靶向治疗，并回顾有关 KRAS 作为这些治疗反应的生物标志物的潜在用途的已发表数据。检索并总结了自 2005 年以来发表的相关研究和在全国会议上提交的未发表结果。这些研究反映了 KRAS 状态对转移性 CRC 患者接受 EGFR 靶向治疗的反应（或无反应）。已经清楚的是，肿瘤 KRAS 有激活突变的结直肠癌患者对针对 EGFR 的单克隆抗体治疗没有反应。现在应该成为标准做法，即对任何考虑接受 EGFR 靶向治疗的患者，都应检测其肿瘤的 KRAS 状态，只有 KRAS 野生型的患者才提供此类治疗。
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