Selfhout Maarten, Denissen Jaap, Branje Susan, Meeus Wim
Research Centre Adolescent Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2009 Jun;96(6):1152-65. doi: 10.1037/a0014468.
The authors examined associations of perceived similarity, actual similarity, and peer-rated similarity in personality with friendship intensity during the acquaintanceship process in a naturalistic setting. Self- and peer-rated personality data were gathered from undergraduates (mean age = 18.9) at 5 time points during the first year of university using a round-robin design. Whereas perceived similarity and peer-rated similarity in personality were concurrently associated with more friendship intensity for just-acquainted individuals, actual similarity in personality was not. Further, bidirectional cross-lagged associations between perceived similarity and friendship intensity were found. Peer-rated similarity was also associated with increases in friendship intensity, and this association was mediated by communication frequency. These results indicate that specific types of similarity in personality are differentially associated with friendship intensity during early phases of acquaintanceship in a real-life setting. Further, insight was provided in the direction of causality between similarity and attraction: Perceived and peer-rated similarity seem to breed friendship intensity, whereas friendship intensity seems to breed perceived similarity only. Finally, peers' expectations seem to affect individuals' communicative behaviors, which in turn affect friendship formation.
作者在自然环境下的相识过程中，考察了性格方面的感知相似性、实际相似性和同伴评定相似性与友谊亲密度之间的关联。采用循环设计，在大学一年级的5个时间点收集了本科生（平均年龄 = 18.9岁）的自评和同伴评定的性格数据。对于刚认识的个体，性格方面的感知相似性和同伴评定相似性与更高的友谊亲密度同时相关，而性格方面的实际相似性则不然。此外，还发现了感知相似性与友谊亲密度之间的双向交叉滞后关联。同伴评定相似性也与友谊亲密度的增加相关，且这种关联由交流频率介导。这些结果表明，在现实生活环境中相识的早期阶段，特定类型的性格相似性与友谊亲密度存在不同的关联。此外，还揭示了相似性与吸引力之间的因果关系方向：感知和同伴评定的相似性似乎会增进友谊亲密度，而友谊亲密度似乎只会增进感知相似性。最后，同伴的期望似乎会影响个体的交流行为，进而影响友谊的形成。
