生育经历对女性体重指数和肥胖的影响

Lai Jian-qiang, Yin Shi-an

National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.

Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2009 Feb;43(2):108-12.

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the relations of body mass index(BMI)and obese prevalence in differently aged women and explore the effective strategy for preventing obesity among adult Chinese women.

METHOD

This study was based on the data from 2002 National Nutrition and Health Survey. The method of multi-steps cluster sampling was adopted. Total subjects including unmarried women (n = 2474), married women without the experience of childbearing (n = 10,816), and married and bearing-child women (n = 4103), were 17,393.

RESULTS

In urban areas, the average body weights of unmarried, married and without childbearing experience, and the married with born-child were (53.7 +/- 9.0) kg, (57.6 +/- 9.4) kg and (54.5 +/- 8.5) kg respectively; the body weights of unmarried, married and without childbearing experience were significantly higher than that of the married with born-child women (t = 12.25, P < 0.001; t = 8.32, P < 0.001); the BMIs of unmarried, married without childbearing experience, and the married with born-child women were (21.1 +/- 3.3) kg/m(2), (22.8 +/- 3.4) kg/m(2) and (22.0 +/- 2.9) kg/m(2) respectively; the BMIs of married without childbearing experience and married with born-child women were significantly higher than that of unmarried women (t = 14.88, P < 0.001; t = 5.76, P < 0.001). In the rural areas, the body weights of unmarried, married without childbearing experience, and the married with born-child women were (52.3 +/- 7.8) kg, (55.3 +/- 8.6) kg and (52.8 +/- 8.1) kg respectively; the body weights of unmarried, the married with born-child women were significantly higher than that of married without childbearing experience (t = 11.67, P < 0.001; t = 14.15, P < 0.001); the BMIs of unmarried, married without childbearing experience, and the married with born-child women were (21.2 +/- 2.8) kg/m(2), (22.5 +/- 3.1) kg/m(2), and (21.8 +/- 3.0) kg/m(2) respectively; the BMIs of married and the married with born-child were significantly higher than that of unmarried women (t = 13.80, P < 0.001; t = 5.34, P < 0.001). In urban areas, the rate of low body weight of unmarried women (18.1%) was higher than that of married without childbearing experience and married with born-child group (7.3% vs. 9.1%; comparing with married without childbearing experience: chi(2) = 113.69, P < 0.001; comparing with married with born-child: chi(2) = 29.65, P < 0.001); the prevalence of overweight and obesity (32.7%) in married without childbearing was significantly higher than that of unmarried women (14.4%) (chi(2) = 28.257, P < 0.001). In rural areas, the rate of low body weight of unmarried women (12.4%) was higher than that of married without childbearing group (6.7%, chi(2) = 50.040, P < 0.001); however, the prevalence of overweight (22.4%) in the married without childbearing was significantly higher than that of unmarried women (12.3%) (chi(2) = 69.119, P < 0.001) and the married with born-child women (15.4%) (chi(2) = 69.866, P < 0.001). The prevalence of overweight and obesity of the married with born-child women was decreasing with extending time of postpartum in urban and rural areas.

CONCLUSION

Weight retention of married with born-child women was one of the most important factors leading to the obesity in the adulthood. However, more attentions should be paid to the changing trend of body weight in the married without childbearing experience.

目的

分析不同年龄段女性的体重指数（BMI）与肥胖患病率的关系，探讨中国成年女性预防肥胖的有效策略。

方法

本研究基于2002年全国营养与健康调查数据。采用多阶段整群抽样方法。总样本包括未婚女性（n = 2474）、未育已婚女性（n = 10816）和已育已婚女性（n = 4103），共17393人。

结果

在城市地区，未婚、未育已婚和已育已婚女性的平均体重分别为（53.7±9.0）kg、（57.6±9.4）kg和（54.5±8.5）kg；未婚和未育已婚女性的体重显著高于已育已婚女性（t = 12.25，P < 0.001；t = 8.32，P < 0.001）；未婚、未育已婚和已育已婚女性的BMI分别为（21.1±3.3）kg/m²、（22.8±3.4）kg/m²和（22.0±2.9）kg/m²；未育已婚和已育已婚女性的BMI显著高于未婚女性（t = 14.88，P < 0.001；t = 5.76，P < 0.001）。在农村地区，未婚、未育已婚和已育已婚女性的体重分别为（52.3±7.8）kg、（55.3±8.6）kg和（52.8±8.1）kg；未婚和已育已婚女性的体重显著高于未育已婚女性（t = 11.67，P < 0.001；t = 14.15，P < 0.001）；未婚、未育已婚和已育已婚女性的BMI分别为（21.2±2.8）kg/m²、（22.5±3.1）kg/m²和（21.8±3.0）kg/m²；已婚和已育已婚女性的BMI显著高于未婚女性（t = 13.80，P < 0.001；t = 5.34，P < 0.001）。在城市地区，未婚女性低体重率（18.1%）高于未育已婚和已育已婚组（7.3%对9.1%；与未育已婚组比较：χ² = 113.69，P < 0.001；与已育已婚组比较：χ² = 29.65，P < 0.001）；未育已婚女性超重和肥胖患病率（32.7%）显著高于未婚女性（14.4%）（χ² = 28.257，P < 0.001）。在农村地区，未婚女性低体重率（12.4%）高于未育已婚组（6.7%，χ² = 50.040，P < 0.001）；然而，未育已婚女性超重患病率（22.4%）显著高于未婚女性（12.3%）（χ² = 69.119，P < 0.001）和已育已婚女性（15.4%）（χ² = 69.866，P < 0.001）。城乡已育已婚女性超重和肥胖患病率随产后时间延长而降低。