Kozikowski Tania A, Magdesian K Gary, Puschner Birgit
Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2009 Aug 1;235(3):305-10. doi: 10.2460/javma.235.3.305.
To characterize the clinical and clinicopathologic effects and evaluate outcome associated with oleander toxicosis in New World camelids.
Retrospective case series.
11 llamas and 1 alpaca.
Medical records from a veterinary medical teaching hospital from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2006, were reviewed. Records of all New World camelids that had detectable amounts of oleandrin in samples of serum, urine, or gastrointestinal fluid were included in the study. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the history, physical examination findings, clinicopathologic data, and outcome of affected camelids.
11 llamas and 1 alpaca met the inclusion criteria of the study. Either oleander plants were present where the camelids resided (n = 7) or oleander plant material was identified in the hay fed to the camelids (5). One llama was dead on arrival at the hospital, and another was euthanized upon admission because of financial concerns. Of the 10 treated camelids, 9 had evidence of acute renal failure, 7 had gastrointestinal signs, and 4 had cardiac dysrhythmias on initial evaluation. The overall mortality rate was 25%, but the mortality rate for the 10 camelids that were medically treated was 10%.
In New World camelids, oleander intoxication was associated with a triad of clinical effects (ie, renal, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular dysfunction). Oleander intoxication often represented a herd problem but carried a fair to good prognosis if treated promptly. Oleander toxicosis should be considered a differential diagnosis in sick camelids.
描述新大陆骆驼科动物夹竹桃中毒的临床和临床病理效应，并评估其预后。
回顾性病例系列研究。
11只美洲驼和1只羊驼。
回顾了一家兽医教学医院1995年1月1日至2006年12月31日的病历。研究纳入了所有血清、尿液或胃肠液样本中可检测到夹竹桃苷的新大陆骆驼科动物的记录。采用描述性统计方法评估患病骆驼科动物的病史、体格检查结果、临床病理数据和预后。
11只美洲驼和1只羊驼符合研究纳入标准。骆驼科动物居住的地方有夹竹桃植物（n = 7），或者喂给骆驼科动物的干草中发现了夹竹桃植物材料（5例）。1只美洲驼在抵达医院时死亡，另1只因经济原因入院后实施安乐死。在10只接受治疗的骆驼科动物中，9只在初始评估时有急性肾衰竭的证据，7只出现胃肠道症状，4只出现心律失常。总体死亡率为25%，但接受药物治疗的10只骆驼科动物的死亡率为10%。
在新大陆骆驼科动物中，夹竹桃中毒与一组临床效应（即肾脏、胃肠道和心血管功能障碍）相关。夹竹桃中毒常表现为群体问题，但如果及时治疗，预后良好。夹竹桃中毒应被视为患病骆驼科动物的鉴别诊断之一。
