Tice Laboratories of the Chicago Municipal Tuberculosis Sanitarium, and the Departments of Pathology, Bacteriology and Public Health, and Physiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago.
J Exp Med. 1939 Sep 30;70(4):415-25. doi: 10.1084/jem.70.4.415.
Experimental evidence shows that histamine is liberated when the upper layers of the skin are stimulated in the threshold range although no gross or microscopic evidence of tissue damage is demonstrable. A histamine-like substance is recoverable from the anterior chamber of the rabbit's eye on electrical stimulation of the cornea. This substance is liberated in direct proportion to the intensity of the stimulus. Histamine when injected intradermally or applied to the denuded skin (less epidermis and some cutis) or cornea causes pain. That the substance liberated is most likely histamine was shown by its action on the intestinal strip of the guinea pig, which action was not effaced by adding atropine to the bath; by its heat stability, its neutralization by histaminase and its dialysability through cellophane membranes, and by the fact that thymoxyethyldiethylamine, which appears to be a specific antagonist to histamine, neutralizes the action of the diffusates of stimulated skin and when injected subcutaneously or rectally abolishes generally the pain responses to pinching, pricking and cutting, and lowers the electrical threshold of the skin markedly without affecting the somatic sensory nerve trunks.
实验证据表明,尽管在刺激阈范围内皮肤上层没有明显的宏观或微观组织损伤证据,但组胺仍会被释放出来。在角膜电刺激时,可以从兔眼的前房回收一种类似于组胺的物质。这种物质的释放与刺激的强度成正比。将组胺注入皮内或应用于裸露的皮肤(表皮较少和一些真皮)或角膜会引起疼痛。释放的物质很可能是组胺,这可以通过其对豚鼠肠段的作用来证明,这种作用不会因向浴液中添加阿托品而消除;通过其热稳定性、被组氨酸酶中和以及通过玻璃纸膜的可透析性,以及胸腺氧基乙二基二乙胺,它似乎是组胺的特异性拮抗剂,中和了受刺激皮肤的扩散物的作用,并且当皮下或直肠注射时,通常会消除对掐、刺痛和切割的疼痛反应,并显著降低皮肤的电阈值,而不影响躯体感觉神经干。