Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2011 Apr;21(2):235-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01033.x.
Blood passport has been suggested as an indirect tool to detect various kinds of blood manipulations. Autologous blood transfusions are currently undetectable, and the objective of this study was to examine the sensitivities of different blood markers and blood passport approaches in order to determine the best approach to detect autologous blood transfusions. Twenty-nine subjects were transfused with either one (n=8) or three (n=21) bags of autologous blood. Hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), percentage of reticulocytes (%ret) and hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) were measured 1 day before reinfusion and six times after reinfusion. The sensitivity and specificity of a novel marker, Hbmr (based on Hbmass and %ret), was evaluated together with [Hb], Hbmass and OFF-hr by different passport methods. Our novel Hbmr marker showed superior sensitivity in detecting the highest dosage of transfused blood, with OFF-hr showing equal or superior sensitivities at lower dosages. Hbmr and OFF-hr showed superior but equal sensitivities from 1 to 4 weeks after transfusion compared with [Hb] and Hbmass, with Hbmass being the only tenable prospect to detect acute transfusions. Because autologous blood transfusions can be an acute practice with blood withdrawal and reinfusion within a few days, Hbmass seems to be the only option for revealing this practice.
血检护照被认为是一种间接检测各种血液操作的工具。目前，自体输血是无法检测到的，本研究的目的是检验不同血液标志物和血检护照方法的灵敏度，以确定检测自体输血的最佳方法。29 名受试者分别接受了一袋（n=8）或三袋（n=21）自体血的输注。在回输前 1 天和回输后 6 次测量血红蛋白浓度（[Hb]）、网织红细胞百分比（%ret）和血红蛋白质量（Hbmass）。我们评估了一种新的标志物 Hbmr（基于 Hbmass 和 %ret）与 [Hb]、Hbmass 和 OFF-hr 相结合的新型护照方法的灵敏度和特异性。我们的新型 Hbmr 标志物在检测最高剂量的输注血液方面具有较高的灵敏度，而 OFF-hr 在较低剂量下具有同等或更高的灵敏度。与 [Hb]和 Hbmass 相比，Hbmr 和 OFF-hr 在输血后 1 至 4 周内具有较高但相等的灵敏度，而 Hbmass 是唯一可行的检测急性输血的方法。由于自体输血是一种在几天内进行采血和回输的急性实践，因此 Hbmass 似乎是揭示这种实践的唯一选择。
