某大学医院患者术后恶心呕吐的发生率。我们目前处于什么状况？
Incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients at a university hospital. Where are we today?
作者信息
Doubravska Lenka, Dostalova Katerina, Fritscherova Sarka, Zapletalova Jana, Adamus Milan
机构信息
Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic.
出版信息
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2010 Mar;154(1):69-76. doi: 10.5507/bp.2010.012.
AIM
To determine the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), identify risk factors, assess treatment and its effectiveness.
DESIGN
A prospective, observational, questionnaire- and interview-based study.
SETTING
Standard and intensive care units of the following university hospital departments: abdominal, thoracic and vascular surgery; gynecology; plastic and esthetic surgery; urology; and traumatology.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Adult patients scheduled for elective surgery who gave informed consent were enrolled. A questionnaire-based study was performed on the first postoperative day. The collected data relevant to PONV were statistically analyzed.
CONCLUSION
The incidence of PONV was significantly lower than generally presumed and was related to the patient gender, type of surgery and overall health status. PONV was more frequent in obese patients and when drugs antagonizing opioids or muscle relaxants were used. Early administration of antiemetic agents led to considerably less discomfort.
目的
确定术后恶心呕吐（PONV）的发生率，识别风险因素，评估治疗方法及其有效性。
设计
一项基于问卷和访谈的前瞻性观察性研究。
地点
以下大学医院科室的标准护理单元和重症监护单元：腹部、胸科和血管外科；妇科；整形美容外科；泌尿外科；创伤科。
材料与方法
纳入计划接受择期手术并签署知情同意书的成年患者。术后第一天进行基于问卷的研究。对收集到的与PONV相关的数据进行统计学分析。
结论
PONV的发生率显著低于一般推测，且与患者性别、手术类型和整体健康状况有关。肥胖患者以及使用拮抗阿片类药物或肌肉松弛剂的情况下，PONV更为常见。早期使用止吐药可显著减轻不适。
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