[Nontuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis].

A 4-year-old girl was referred with a chronically enlarged left cervical lymphadenitis of the neck. This swelling appeared to be caused by a Mycobacterium avium infection. Mycobacterium avium belongs to the group of nontuberculous mycobacteria. These micro-organisms can cause a cervicofacial lymphadenitis in children in the head and neck region. The children are healthy, and are seen to have a submandibular or preauricular swelling. Early recognition of the disease is important because it gives the best chance that treatment will result in a successful outcome.