Department of Biochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2011 Feb;23(1):109-13. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2010.08.007.
Accurate chromosome segregation during cell division is essential for genome integrity. Errors in chromosome segregation are irreversible and lead to a state of aneuploidy where the number of chromosomes in a cell or organism is not a multiple of the haploid number of chromosomes. Aneuploidy reduces fecundity and is a frequent cause of inherited birth defects. In addition, aneuploidy is very common in solid tumors where it is associated with poor patient prognosis. Recent work has revealed the most common pathways by which chromosomes mis-segregate leading to aneuploidy. Moreover, answers to the key question of how cells respond to aneuploidy are beginning to emerge.
准确的染色体分离对于细胞分裂过程中基因组的完整性至关重要。染色体分离错误是不可逆的,会导致非整倍体状态,即细胞或生物体中的染色体数量不是单倍体染色体数量的整数倍。非整倍体降低了生育能力,是遗传性出生缺陷的常见原因。此外,非整倍体在实体肿瘤中也很常见,与患者预后不良有关。最近的研究揭示了染色体错误分离导致非整倍体的最常见途径。此外,细胞如何应对非整倍体的关键问题的答案也开始出现。