异性恋和同性恋个体中的同性竞争与饮食限制
Intrasexual Competition and Eating Restriction in Heterosexual and Homosexual Individuals.
作者信息
Li Norman P, Smith April R, Griskevicius Vladas, Cason Margaret J, Bryan Angela
机构信息
University of Texas at Austin, Singapore Management University.
出版信息
Evol Hum Behav. 2010 Sep 1;31(5):365-372. doi: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2010.05.004.
Restrictive eating attitudes and behaviors have been hypothesized to be related to processes of intrasexual competition. According to this perspective, within-sex competition for status serves the adaptive purpose of attracting mates. As such, status competition salience may lead to concerns of mating desirability. For heterosexual women and gay men, such concerns revolve around appearing youthful and thus, thinner. Following this logic, we examined how exposure to high-status and competitive (but not thin or highly attractive) same-sex individuals would influence body image and eating attitudes in heterosexual and in gay/lesbian individuals. Results indicated that for heterosexuals, intrasexual competition cues led to greater body image dissatisfaction and more restrictive eating attitudes for women, but not for men. In contrast, for homosexual individuals, intrasexual competition cues led to worse body image and eating attitudes for gay men, but not for lesbian women. These findings support the idea that the ultimate explanation for eating disorders is related to intrasexual competition.
限制饮食的态度和行为被假定与同性竞争过程有关。根据这一观点，同性之间为地位而进行的竞争具有吸引配偶的适应性目的。因此，地位竞争的显著性可能会引发对交配吸引力的担忧。对于异性恋女性和男同性恋者来说，此类担忧围绕着显得年轻，进而显得更瘦。按照这一逻辑，我们研究了接触高地位且有竞争力（但不瘦或极具吸引力）的同性个体如何影响异性恋者以及男同性恋或女同性恋者的身体意象和饮食态度。结果表明，对于异性恋者而言，同性竞争线索会导致女性对身体意象的不满加剧以及饮食态度更趋限制，但对男性则不然。相比之下，对于同性恋者而言，同性竞争线索会导致男同性恋者的身体意象和饮食态度变差，但对女同性恋者则不然。这些发现支持了这样一种观点，即饮食失调的根本原因与同性竞争有关。
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