激素避孕与 HIV-1 传播。
Hormonal contraception and HIV-1 transmission.
机构信息
Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
出版信息
Am J Reprod Immunol. 2011 Mar;65(3):302-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00930.x. Epub 2010 Nov 19.
Abstract
Safe and effective contraceptive choices are essential for women with HIV-1 infection and at risk for HIV-1 infection. Epidemiological and laboratory-based studies suggest that hormonal contraception may influence HIV-1 transmission. Several large studies in high-risk populations indicate that hormonal contraceptive use may modestly increase the risk of HIV-1 acquisition. In addition, HIV-1-infected users of hormonal contraceptives may be more infectious to their uninfected partners, although no studies have directly measured HIV-1 transmission risk from women to men. However, several studies failed to demonstrate a link between contraceptive use and HIV-1 acquisition or transmission, and interpretation of many studies limited by methodological considerations, such as infrequent measurements of contraceptive exposure and HIV-1 status. As a result, many questions remain, and high-quality studies remain needed. It is clear that hormonal contraceptives are not protective against HIV-1 infection and that dual protection with condoms should be the goal for women using hormonal contraception.
摘要
对于感染 HIV-1 或有感染 HIV-1 风险的女性，安全有效的避孕选择至关重要。流行病学和基于实验室的研究表明，激素避孕可能会影响 HIV-1 的传播。几项高危人群的大型研究表明，激素避孕的使用可能会适度增加 HIV-1 感染的风险。此外，使用激素避孕药的 HIV-1 感染者可能会使其未感染的伴侣更具传染性，尽管尚无研究直接测量女性向男性传播 HIV-1 的风险。然而，一些研究未能证明避孕措施与 HIV-1 感染或传播之间存在关联，并且许多研究因方法学考虑而受到限制，例如对避孕措施暴露和 HIV-1 状况的测量不够频繁。因此，仍有许多问题悬而未决，仍需要高质量的研究。显然，激素避孕药不能预防 HIV-1 感染，对于使用激素避孕药的女性，使用避孕套进行双重保护应该是目标。
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