Department of Biology, Bard College, Annandale, New York 12504, USA.
Nature. 2010 Dec 2;468(7324):647-52. doi: 10.1038/nature09575.
Current unprecedented declines in biodiversity reduce the ability of ecological communities to provide many fundamental ecosystem services. Here we evaluate evidence that reduced biodiversity affects the transmission of infectious diseases of humans, other animals and plants. In principle, loss of biodiversity could either increase or decrease disease transmission. However, mounting evidence indicates that biodiversity loss frequently increases disease transmission. In contrast, areas of naturally high biodiversity may serve as a source pool for new pathogens. Overall, despite many remaining questions, current evidence indicates that preserving intact ecosystems and their endemic biodiversity should generally reduce the prevalence of infectious diseases.
目前，生物多样性的空前减少降低了生态群落提供许多基本生态系统服务的能力。在这里，我们评估了生物多样性减少是否会影响人类、其他动植物传染病传播的证据。原则上，生物多样性的丧失可能会增加或减少疾病的传播。然而，越来越多的证据表明，生物多样性的丧失往往会增加疾病的传播。相比之下，自然生物多样性高的地区可能成为新病原体的来源池。总的来说，尽管仍有许多问题尚未解决，但目前的证据表明，保护完整的生态系统及其特有生物多样性通常应该会降低传染病的流行率。
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