Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, USA.
Ann Rev Mar Sci. 2009;1:43-63. doi: 10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163712.
Marine microorganisms are presented with unique challenges to obtain essential metal ions required to survive and thrive in the ocean. The production of organic ligands to complex transition metal ions is one strategy to both facilitate uptake of specific metals, such as iron, and to mitigate the potential toxic effects of other metal ions, such as copper. A number of important trace metal ions are complexed by organic ligands in seawater, including iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, and cadmium, thus defining the speciation of these metal ions in the ocean. In the case of iron, siderophores have been identified and structurally characterized. Siderophores are low molecular weight iron-binding ligands produced by marine bacteria. Although progress has been made toward the identity of in situ iron-binding ligands, few compounds have been identified that coordinate the other trace metals. Deciphering the chemical structures and production stimuli of naturally produced organic ligands and the organisms they come from is fundamental to understanding metal speciation and bioavailability. The current evidence for marine ligands, with an emphasis on siderophores, and discussion of the importance and implications of metal-binding ligands in controlling metal speciation and cycling within the world's oceans are presented.
海洋微生物在获取生存和繁荣所需的必需金属离子方面面临独特的挑战。产生有机配体来络合过渡金属离子是一种策略，可以促进特定金属（如铁）的吸收，并减轻其他金属离子（如铜）的潜在毒性影响。许多重要的痕量金属离子在海水中与有机配体络合，包括铁、钴、镍、铜、锌和镉，从而定义了这些金属离子在海洋中的形态。在铁的情况下，已经确定并结构表征了铁载体。铁载体是海洋细菌产生的低分子量铁结合配体。尽管在确定原位铁结合配体方面取得了进展，但很少有化合物被确定能与其他痕量金属配位。解析天然产生的有机配体的化学结构和产生刺激物以及它们来自的生物体对于理解金属形态和生物利用度至关重要。目前的海洋配体证据，重点是铁载体，并讨论了金属结合配体在控制世界海洋中金属形态和循环中的重要性和影响。
