The Medical Psychological Research Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
BMC Public Health. 2011 Feb 12;11:96. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-96.
It is important to understand which factors increase the risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adolescents. Previous studies have shown that the most important risk factors for PTSD include the type, severity, and duration of exposure to the traumatic events.
A cross-sectional survey was used to investigate the psychological symptoms associated with the aftermath of a snowstorm disaster in the Hunan province of China in January 2008. Students living in Hunan were surveyed at a three-month follow-up after the disaster. The questionnaire battery included the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R, trauma and symptoms associated with PTSD), the Chinese version of the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R, optimism and pessimism), the Chinese version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ, neuroticism and extraversion), the Chinese Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ, positive and negative coping styles), and a range of questions addressing social demographic characteristics and factors relating to the snowstorm. The survey was administered in school, and 968 students completed and returned the questionnaires.
The results showed that 14.5% of the students had a total IES-R score ≥ 20. Students with greater school-to-home distances showed higher levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms than students who lived shorter distances from school. Students with emotional support from their teachers reported higher levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms (21.20%) than students without a teacher's emotional support (11.07%). The IES-R total and subscale scores correlated with all variables except extraversion. The binary logistic regression analysis results showed that the teacher's emotional support [odds ratio (OR) = 1.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13-2.62], school-to-home distance (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 1.00-1.01), negative coping (OR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.02-1.08), and neuroticism (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.02-1.06) were risk factors that predicted PTSD frequency and severity (percentage correct = 85.5%).
The risk factors that significantly impacted the onset of posttraumatic stress reactions in students living in Hunan, China following a snowstorm disaster were the school-to-home distance, negative coping, neuroticism, and teacher's emotional support.
了解哪些因素会增加青少年创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的风险是很重要的。先前的研究表明，PTSD 的最重要风险因素包括暴露于创伤性事件的类型、严重程度和持续时间。
采用横断面调查的方法，于 2008 年 1 月中国湖南省暴风雪灾害发生 3 个月后对当地学生进行调查。调查问卷包括创伤后应激障碍相关的症状和事件影响量表修订版（IES-R）、生活取向测验修订版（LOT-R，乐观和悲观）、艾森克人格问卷（EPQ，神经质和外向性）、特质应对方式问卷（TCSQ，积极和消极应对方式），以及一系列与暴风雪有关的社会人口特征和因素的问题。调查在学校进行，共有 968 名学生完成并返回了问卷。
结果显示，14.5%的学生总 IES-R 得分≥20。与学校距离较远的学生表现出更高水平的创伤后应激症状，而居住在学校较近的学生则表现出较低水平的创伤后应激症状。获得教师情感支持的学生比没有教师情感支持的学生报告更高水平的创伤后应激症状（21.20%比 11.07%）。IES-R 总分和分量表评分与除外向性以外的所有变量均相关。二项逻辑回归分析结果表明，教师的情感支持[比值比（OR）=1.72，95%置信区间（CI）=1.13-2.62]、学校到家的距离（OR=1.01，95%CI=1.00-1.01）、消极应对（OR=1.05；95%CI=1.02-1.08）和神经质（OR=1.04，95%CI=1.02-1.06）是预测 PTSD 频率和严重程度的风险因素（正确百分比=85.5%）。
在中国湖南暴风雪灾害后，影响学生创伤后应激反应发生的风险因素是学校到家的距离、消极应对、神经质和教师的情感支持。
