University Kinderklinik München im Dr. von Haunerschen Kinderspital, München, Germany.
Paediatr Respir Rev. 2011 Sep;12(3):190-5. doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2010.10.006. Epub 2010 Nov 20.
Bronchoscopy for paediatric respiratory disease is a routine procedure in paediatric pulmonology. Rigid bronchoscopy is now much less commonly used than flexible bronchoscopy. Technological advances have brought better picture quality and easier storage of video documentation. Indications with clear clinical benefit are congenital or acquired unexplained airway obstruction. In pulmonary infections or infiltrates in immunodeficient or immunosuppressed children not responding to empirical treatment a pathogen may be identified by bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Bronchoscopy and BAL can be indicated in children with unusual presentations of chronic cough or wheeze, and cystic fibrosis. The use of transbronchial biopsies (TBB) is established in paediatric lung transplantation. New applications and techniques are being developed, such as endobronchial ultrasound and transbronchial needle biopsy of lymph nodes and the role of airway stent placement have become better understood.
儿童呼吸疾病的支气管镜检查是儿科肺病学的常规程序。现在，与硬性支气管镜相比，软性支气管镜的应用要少得多。技术进步带来了更好的图像质量和更方便的视频文件存储。具有明确临床获益的适应症包括先天性或后天性不明原因的气道阻塞。在肺部感染或免疫缺陷或免疫抑制儿童的浸润性病变中，如果经验性治疗无效，可以通过支气管镜检查和支气管肺泡灌洗（BAL）来确定病原体。对于慢性咳嗽或喘息以及囊性纤维化的儿童，支气管镜检查和 BAL 可能是指征。经支气管活检（TBB）在儿科肺移植中的应用已经确立。新的应用和技术正在开发中，例如支气管内超声和经支气管针吸活检淋巴结，气道支架放置的作用也得到了更好的理解。
