Laboratoire de Biogénotoxicologie et Mutagenèse Environnementale, EA 1784, FR ECCOREV, Université de la Méditerranée, Facultés de Médecine et Pharmacie, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France.
Mutat Res. 2011 Oct 9;725(1-2):1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.05.012. Epub 2011 Jul 27.
Four sediment samples (Vaïne Airport VA, Vaïne Center VC, Vaïne North VN and Reference North RN) were collected in the Berre lagoon (France). Sediments were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by use of pressurized fluid extraction with a mixture of hexane/dichloromethane followed by HPLC with fluorescence detection analysis. Organic pollutants were also extracted with two solvents for subsequent evaluation of their genotoxicity: a hexane/dichloromethane mixture intended to select non-polar compounds such as PAHs, and 2-propanol intended to select polar contaminants. Sediment extracts were assessed by the Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity test with Salmonella typhimurium TA98+S9 mix and YG1041±S9 mix. Extracts were also assessed for their DNA-damaging activity and their clastogenic/aneugenic properties by the comet assay and the micronucleus test with Chinese Hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The PAH concentrations were 611ngg(-1)dw, 1341ngg(-1) dw, 613ngg(-1)dw and 482ngg(-1)dw for VA, VC, VN and RN, respectively. Two genotoxic profiles were observed, depending on the extraction procedure. All the non-polar extracts were mutagenic for TA98+S9 mix, and VA, VC, VN sediment samples exerted a significant DNA-damaging and clastogenic activity in the presence of S9 mix. All the polar extracts appeared mutagenic for TA98+S9 mix and YG104±S9 mix, and VA, VC, VN were genotoxic and clastogenic both with and without S9 mix. These results indicate that the genotoxic and mutagenic activities mainly originated from PAHs in the non-polar extracts, while these activities came from other genotoxic contaminants, such as aromatic amines and nitroarenes, in the polar extracts. This study focused on the important role of uncharacterized polar contaminants such as nitro-PAHs or aromatic amines in the global mutagenicity of sediments. The necessity to use appropriate extraction solvents to accurately evaluate the genotoxic hazard of aquatic sediments is also highlighted.
四个沉积物样本（Vaïne 机场 VA、Vaïne 中心 VC、Vaïne 北部 VN 和参考北部 RN）在法国的贝雷泻湖采集。使用正己烷/二氯甲烷混合物进行加压流体萃取，然后用高效液相色谱法结合荧光检测分析，对沉积物中的多环芳烃（PAHs）进行分析。还使用两种溶剂提取有机污染物，以便随后评估其遗传毒性：一种是正己烷/二氯甲烷混合物，用于选择非极性化合物，如 PAHs；另一种是 2-丙醇，用于选择极性污染物。使用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌/微粒体致突变性试验，用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌 TA98+S9 混合物和 YG1041+S9 混合物评估沉积物提取物的致突变性。还使用彗星试验和中国仓鼠卵巢（CHO）细胞的微核试验评估提取物的 DNA 损伤活性和断裂/致畸活性。VA、VC、VN 和 RN 的 PAH 浓度分别为 611ngg(-1)dw、1341ngg(-1)dw、613ngg(-1)dw 和 482ngg(-1)dw。观察到两种遗传毒性谱，这取决于提取程序。所有非极性提取物对 TA98+S9 混合物均具有致突变性，VA、VC、VN 沉积物样品在 S9 混合物存在下表现出显著的 DNA 损伤和断裂活性。所有极性提取物对 TA98+S9 混合物和 YG1041+S9 混合物均具有致突变性，VA、VC、VN 无论是否存在 S9 混合物，均具有遗传毒性和断裂活性。这些结果表明，非极性提取物中的遗传毒性和致突变活性主要源自 PAHs，而极性提取物中的遗传毒性和致突变活性则来自其他遗传毒性污染物，如芳香胺和硝基芳烃。本研究重点关注未鉴定的极性污染物（如硝基-PAHs 或芳香胺）在沉积物整体致突变性中的重要作用。还强调了使用适当的提取溶剂准确评估水生沉积物遗传毒性危害的必要性。
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