An evaluation of aerobic and anaerobic sludges as start-up material for microbial fuel cell systems.

The operation of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) seeded with the same quantities of aerobic or anaerobic sludge has been compared. The two sludges consisted of mixed cultures obtained from the aerobic reactor and anaerobic digester, respectively, of a municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). Both the sludges were diluted with their sedimentation supernatant to avoid modifying their metabolism. The results show that the type of sludge has a major impact on the performance of the system. Seeding an MFC with anaerobic acclimated sludge leads to a more rapid start-up of electricity production and the absence of a lag period. In the MFC seeded with anaerobic sludge, the steady-state operation conditions were achieved in less than 10 days, while in the aerobic sludge-seeded MFC more than 20 days were necessary to achieve this regime. The anaerobic sludge also led to better performance of the MFC. Thus, maximum power densities above 300mWm(-2) were obtained for such systems (i.e. two times higher than that achieved with the aerobic sludge-seeded MFC in the same setup). This better performance is a direct consequence of the greater availability of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in anaerobic sludge. However, the performance is not a consequence of the coulombic efficiency in the use of the COD to produce electricity because the aerobic sludge-seeded MFC doubles this figure with respect to the anaerobic sludge-seeded system.