氧气增强了磷化氢对采后害虫防治的毒性。

USDA-ARS, Salinas, California 93905, USA.

J Econ Entomol. 2011 Oct;104(5):1455-61. doi: 10.1603/ec10351.

Phosphine fumigations under superatmospheric oxygen levels (oxygenated phosphine fumigations) were significantly more effective than the fumigations under the normal 20.9% atmospheric oxygen level against western flower thrips [Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)] adults and larvae, leafminer Liriomyza langei Frick pupae, grape mealybug [Pseudococcus maritimus (Ehrhorn)] eggs, and Indianmeal moth [Plodia interpunctella (Hübner)] eggs and pupae. In 5-h fumigations with 1,000 ppm phosphine at 5 degrees C, mortalities of western flower thrips increased significantly from 79.5 to 97.7% when oxygen was increased from 20.9 to 40% and reached 99.3% under 80% O2. Survivorships of leafminer pupae decreased significantly from 71.2% under 20.9% O2 to 16.2% under 40% O2 and reached 1.1% under 80% O2 in 24-h fumigations with 500 ppm phosphine at 5 degrees C. Complete control of leafminer pupae was achieved in 24-h fumigations with 1,000 ppm phosphine at 5 degrees C under 60% O2 or higher. Survivorships of grape mealybug eggs also decreased significantly in 48-h fumigations with 1,000 ppm phosphine at 2 degrees C under 60% O2 compared with the fumigations under 20.9% O2. Indian meal moth egg survivorships decreased significantly from 17.4 to 0.5% in responses to an oxygen level increase from 20.9 to 40% in 48-h fumigations with 1,000 ppm phosphine at 10 degrees C and reached 0.2% in fumigations under 80% O2. When the oxygen level was reduced from 20.9 to 15 and 10% in fumigations, survivorships of Indianmeal moth eggs increased significantly from 17.4 to 32.9 and 39.9%, respectively. Increased O2 levels also resulted in significantly lower survival rates of Indianmeal moth pupae in response to 24-h fumigations with 500 and 1,000 ppm phosphine at 10 degrees C and a complete control was achieved in the 1,000 ppm phosphine fumigations under 60% O2. Oxygenated phosphine fumigations have marked potential to improve insecticidal efficacy. Advantages and limitations of oxygenated phosphine fumigation are discussed.

在超氧水平（富氧磷化氢熏蒸）下进行的磷化氢熏蒸对西花蓟马成虫和幼虫[Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)]、潜叶蝇 Liriomyza langei Frick 蛹、葡萄绵粉蚧[Pseudococcus maritimus (Ehrhorn)]卵和印度谷螟[Plodia interpunctella (Hübner)]卵和蛹的防治效果明显优于在正常 20.9%大气氧水平下的熏蒸。在 5°C 下用 1000 ppm 磷化氢进行 5 小时熏蒸时，当氧气从 20.9%增加到 40%时，西花蓟马的死亡率从 79.5%显著增加到 97.7%，而在 80%氧气下则达到 99.3%。在 5°C 下用 500 ppm 磷化氢进行 24 小时熏蒸时，潜叶蝇蛹的存活率从 20.9%氧气下的 71.2%显著下降到 40%氧气下的 16.2%，而在 80%氧气下则降至 1.1%。在 5°C 下用 1000 ppm 磷化氢进行 24 小时熏蒸时，在 60%或更高的氧气水平下可完全控制潜叶蝇蛹。在 2°C 下用 1000 ppm 磷化氢进行 48 小时熏蒸时，葡萄绵粉蚧卵的存活率也显著下降，与在 20.9%氧气下的熏蒸相比，在 60%氧气下的熏蒸下降了 60%。在 10°C 下用 1000 ppm 磷化氢进行 48 小时熏蒸时，印度谷螟卵的存活率从 17.4%显著下降到 0.5%，当氧气水平从 20.9%增加到 40%时，而在 80%氧气下的熏蒸中则降至 0.2%。当氧气水平从 20.9%降低到 15%和 10%时，印度谷螟卵的存活率分别显著增加到 32.9%和 39.9%。较高的氧气水平也导致印度谷螟蛹在 10°C 下用 500 和 1000 ppm 磷化氢进行 24 小时熏蒸时的存活率显著降低，而在 60%氧气下的 1000 ppm 磷化氢熏蒸中则达到完全控制。富氧磷化氢熏蒸具有显著提高杀虫效果的潜力。讨论了富氧磷化氢熏蒸的优缺点。