Kaiser Permanente, 10990 San Diego Mission Rd. #100, San Diego, CA 92108, USA.
Nurs Ethics. 2012 Mar;19(2):245-51. doi: 10.1177/0969733011416398. Epub 2011 Dec 2.
Advance Directives are under-utilized, both from the fact that few Americans have them and that health professionals don't always rely on Advance Directives provided by patients. Many health professionals have philosophical objections to their use. Using a fictitious case as background, five different objections to the use of Advance Directives will be discussed and arguments against those objections will be posed along with suggestions to improve Advance Directives.
预立医疗指示的利用率较低,一方面是因为很少有美国人拥有它们,另一方面是因为医疗专业人员并不总是依赖患者提供的预立医疗指示。许多医疗专业人员对其使用持有哲学上的反对意见。本文以一个虚构的案例为背景,讨论了对使用预立医疗指示的五种不同反对意见,并提出了反对这些意见的论点,以及改进预立医疗指示的建议。