Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0392, USA.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2012 May;66(5):600-5. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.215. Epub 2012 Jan 4.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: It has been recognized that certain long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are involved in inflammation and its resolution. It has also been shown that ethnicity may be a factor in affecting systemic inflammation, and limited evidence suggests it may influence plasma LC-PUFA composition. Given the links among these three factors, we aim to determine ethnicity-based differences in plasma LC-PUFA composition among White, Black, Hispanic and Chinese participants, and whether such differences contribute to variations in markers of inflammation and endothelial activation in a sub-cohort of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).
SUBJECTS/METHODS: Plasma phospholipid LC-PUFAs levels (%) were determined in 2848 MESA participants using gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. Enzyme immunoassays determined inflammatory markers levels for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (n=2848), interleukin-6 (n=2796), soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptor type 1 (n=998), and endothelial activation markers soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (n=1192) and soluble E-selectin (n=998). The modifying influence of ethnicity was tested by linear regression analysis.
Chinese adults were found to have the highest mean levels of plasma eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 1.24%) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 4.95%), and the lowest mean levels of γ-linolenic (0.10%), dihomo-γ-linolenic (DGLA, 2.96%) and arachidonic (10.72%) acids compared with the other ethnicities (all P ≤ 0.01). In contrast, Hispanics had the lowest mean levels of plasma EPA (0.70%) and DHA (3.49%), and the highest levels of DGLA (3.59%; all P ≤ 0.01). Significant differences in EPA and DHA among ethnicities were attenuated following adjustment for dietary non-fried fish and fish oil supplementation. Ethnicity did not modify the associations of LC-PUFAs with markers of inflammation or endothelial activation (all P (interaction)>0.05).
The absence of a modifying effect of ethnicity indicates that the putative benefits of LC-PUFAs with respect to inflammation are pan-ethnic. Future longitudinal studies may elucidate the origin(s) of ethnicity-based differences in LC-PUFA composition and whether certain patterns, that is, high plasma levels of DGLA and low levels of EPA/DHA, contribute to inflammation-associated health outcomes.
背景/目的：已确认某些长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LC-PUFA）与炎症及其消退有关。种族也可能是影响全身炎症的一个因素，而且有限的证据表明，它可能影响血浆 LC-PUFA 组成。鉴于这三个因素之间的联系，我们旨在确定白种人、黑种人、西班牙裔和中国人参与者之间血浆 LC-PUFA 组成的种族差异，以及亚组中这种差异是否会导致炎症和内皮激活标志物的变化。
多民族动脉粥样硬化研究（MESA）。使用气相色谱-火焰离子化检测法测定 2848 名 MESA 参与者的血浆磷脂 LC-PUFA 水平（%）。酶免疫测定法测定高敏 C 反应蛋白（n=2848）、白细胞介素-6（n=2796）、可溶性肿瘤坏死因子-α受体 1（n=998）和内皮激活标志物可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1（n=1192）和可溶性 E-选择素（n=998）的水平。通过线性回归分析测试了种族的修饰影响。
与其他种族相比，中国成年人的血浆二十碳五烯酸（EPA，1.24%）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA，4.95%）水平最高，γ-亚麻酸（0.10%）、二高-γ-亚麻酸（DGLA，2.96%）和花生四烯酸（10.72%）水平最低（均 P ≤ 0.01）。相比之下，西班牙裔的 EPA（0.70%）和 DHA（3.49%）血浆水平最低，DGLA（3.59%）水平最高（均 P ≤ 0.01）。调整非油炸鱼和鱼油补充剂的饮食后，种族间 EPA 和 DHA 水平的差异减弱。LC-PUFA 与炎症或内皮激活标志物之间的关联不受种族影响（所有 P（交互）>0.05）。
种族没有修饰作用表明，LC-PUFA 对炎症的潜在益处是泛种族的。未来的纵向研究可能阐明 LC-PUFA 组成中基于种族的差异的起源，以及某些模式（即 DGLA 血浆水平高和 EPA/DHA 水平低）是否有助于与炎症相关的健康结果。
