探讨市场导向对医院护理创新的跨层次影响。
Exploring the cross-level impact of market orientation on nursing innovation in hospitals.
机构信息
Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
出版信息
Health Care Manage Rev. 2013 Apr-Jun;38(2):125-36. doi: 10.1097/HMR.0b013e31824b1c84.
BACKGROUND
Recently, many hospitals have been enthusiastically encouraging nurses to pursue nursing innovation to improve health care quality and increase nursing productivity by proposing innovative training methods, products, services, care skills, and care methods.
PURPOSES
This study tried to explore the cross-level impact of market orientation on nursing innovation.
METHODOLOGY
In our study, 3 to 7 nurses and 1 manager were selected from each nursing team to act as respondents. The questionnaire survey began after the managers of each nursing team and the nurses had been anonymously coded and paired up in Taiwan in 2009-2010. A total of 808 valid questionnaires were collected, including 172 valid teams. Hierarchical linear modeling was used for the analysis.
FINDINGS
Nursing innovation is the sum of knowledge creation, innovation behavior, and innovation diffusion displayed by the nurses during nursing care. The level of knowledge creation, as perceived by the nurses, was the highest, whereas the level of innovation diffusion was the lowest. Results of hierarchical linear modeling showed that only competitor orientation yielded a significant positive influence on knowledge creation, innovation behavior, or innovation diffusion. The r values were 0.53, 0.49, and 0.61, respectively. Customer orientation and interfunctional coordination did not have significant effects on nursing innovation.
PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS
Hospital nurses exhibited better performance in knowledge creation than in innovation behavior and diffusion. Only competitor orientation had a significantly positive and cross-level influence on nursing innovation. However, competitor orientation was observed to be the lowest dimension of market orientation, which indicates that this factor should be the focus when improving nursing innovations in the future. Therefore, managers should continually understand the strategies, advantages, and methods of their competitors.
背景
最近，许多医院积极鼓励护士通过提出创新培训方法、产品、服务、护理技能和护理方法来追求护理创新，以提高医疗质量和增加护理生产力。
目的
本研究试图探讨市场导向对护理创新的跨层次影响。
方法
在我们的研究中，每个护理团队选择 3 到 7 名护士和 1 名护士长作为受访者。2009-2010 年，在台湾，每个护理团队的经理和护士在匿名编码并配对后，开始进行问卷调查。共收集到 808 份有效问卷，其中包括 172 个有效团队。采用层次线性模型进行分析。
发现
护理创新是护士在护理过程中表现出的知识创造、创新行为和创新传播的总和。护士感知到的知识创造水平最高，而创新传播水平最低。层次线性模型的结果表明，只有竞争导向对知识创造、创新行为或创新传播有显著的正向影响。r 值分别为 0.53、0.49 和 0.61。顾客导向和职能间协调对护理创新没有显著影响。
实践意义
医院护士在知识创造方面的表现优于创新行为和传播。只有竞争导向对护理创新具有显著的正向跨层次影响。然而，竞争导向是市场导向的最低维度，这表明在未来提高护理创新时，应该关注这一因素。因此，管理者应该不断了解竞争对手的策略、优势和方法。
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