Department of Animal and Plant Sciences , University of Sheffield , Sheffield S10 2TN , UK.
AoB Plants. 2011;2011:plr027. doi: 10.1093/aobpla/plr027. Epub 2011 Oct 7.
Many key innovations were required to enable plants to colonize terrestrial habitats successfully. One of these was the acquisition of a durable spore/pollen wall capable of withstanding the harsh desiccating and UV-B-rich environment encountered on land. The spores of 'lower' spore-bearing plants and the pollen of 'higher' seed plants are homologous. In recent years, researchers have begun to investigate the molecular genetics of pollen wall development in angiosperms (including the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana). However, research into the molecular genetics of spore wall development in more basal plants has thus far been extremely limited. This review summarizes the literature on spore/pollen wall development, including the molecular genetics associated with pollen wall development in angiosperms, in a preliminary attempt to identify possible candidate genes involved in spore wall development in more basal plants.
Bioinformatic studies have suggested that genes implicated in pollen wall development in angiosperms are also present in moss and lycopsids, and may therefore be involved in spore wall development in basal plants. This suggests that the molecular genetics of spore/pollen development are highly conserved, despite the large morphological and functional differences between spores and pollen.
The use of high-throughput sequencing strategies and/or microarray experiments at an appropriate stage of 'lower' land plant sporogenesis will allow the identification of candidate genes likely to be involved in the development of the spore wall by way of comparison with those genes known to be involved in pollen wall development. Additionally, by conducting gene knock-out and gene swap experiments between 'lower' land plant species, such as the moss model species Physcomitrella patens, and the angiosperm model species arabidopsis it will be possible to test the role of these candidate genes.
许多关键创新使得植物能够成功地在陆地生境中殖民。其中之一是获得能够承受陆地环境中干燥和富含 UV-B 的恶劣条件的耐用孢子/花粉壁。“低等”孢子植物的孢子和“高等”种子植物的花粉是同源的。近年来，研究人员开始研究被子植物（包括模式生物拟南芥）花粉壁发育的分子遗传学。然而，到目前为止，对更基础植物的孢子壁发育的分子遗传学研究极为有限。本综述总结了有关孢子/花粉壁发育的文献，包括与被子植物花粉壁发育相关的分子遗传学，初步尝试鉴定可能涉及更基础植物孢子壁发育的候选基因。
生物信息学研究表明，被子植物花粉壁发育所涉及的基因也存在于苔藓和石松中，因此可能参与了基础植物的孢子壁发育。这表明尽管孢子和花粉在形态和功能上存在巨大差异，但孢子/花粉发育的分子遗传学具有高度保守性。
在“低等”陆地植物孢子发生的适当阶段使用高通量测序策略和/或微阵列实验，通过与已知参与花粉壁发育的基因进行比较，可以鉴定可能参与孢子壁发育的候选基因。此外，通过在“低等”陆地植物物种（如苔藓模式物种Physcomitrella patens 和被子植物模式物种拟南芥）之间进行基因敲除和基因交换实验，可以测试这些候选基因的作用。
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