Woodard Fredrick James
Woodard Hypnosis and Research, Inc., Milford, NH 03055, USA.
Psychol Rep. 2012 Feb;110(1):73-132. doi: 10.2466/02.09.PR0.110.1.73-132.
Summary.-This paper presents a phenomenological study using the methodology of Woodard's phenomenological and perceptual research. This method examines individuals' internal meanings during spontaneous spiritual and paranormal experiences, as described from their point of view. A group of 40 adults was phenomenologically interviewed after they responded to a newspaper announcement in New Hampshire asking for volunteers who had had spiritual and paranormal experiences. Using the method, Six Individual Situated Structures and a General Structure were identified and examined. Nine major themes were explicated during the participants' spontaneous experiencing: unexpectedness, contrariness to belief, certainty, contradictory experiencing, language as a barrier to expression, external influences, internal dialogue, evil as separateness, and some social psychological influences. Several themes observed in hypnotic experiencing, such as the characteristics of the Adequate Personality in Perceptual Psychology, are interpreted and discussed. This research illustrates how subjective experience can be adequately researched in a qualitative manner outside the confines of the laboratory setting. Limitations of the study and suggestions for further research are given.
摘要。本文呈现了一项采用伍达德现象学与感知研究方法的现象学研究。该方法从个体自身角度出发,审视他们在自发的灵性与超自然体验中的内在意义。在新罕布什尔州,一组40名成年人回应了一则报纸广告,该广告招募有灵性与超自然体验的志愿者,之后对他们进行了现象学访谈。运用该方法,识别并考察了六种个体情境结构和一种总体结构。在参与者的自发体验过程中阐明了九个主要主题:意外性、与信念相悖、确定性、矛盾体验、语言作为表达障碍、外部影响、内心对话恶即分离以及一些社会心理影响。对在催眠体验中观察到的几个主题进行了解释和讨论,比如感知心理学中充分人格的特征。本研究说明了如何在实验室环境之外以定性方式充分研究主观体验。给出了研究的局限性及进一步研究的建议。