肥胖环境与儿童和家长肥胖：邻里环境对孩子的影响研究。
Obesogenic neighborhood environments, child and parent obesity: the Neighborhood Impact on Kids study.
机构信息
Seattle Children's Research Institute, Washington 98145-5005, USA.
出版信息
Am J Prev Med. 2012 May;42(5):e57-64. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2012.02.008.
BACKGROUND
Identifying neighborhood environment attributes related to childhood obesity can inform environmental changes for obesity prevention.
PURPOSE
To evaluate child and parent weight status across neighborhoods in King County (Seattle metropolitan area) and San Diego County differing in GIS-defined physical activity environment (PAE) and nutrition environment (NE) characteristics.
METHODS
Neighborhoods were selected to represent high (favorable) versus low (unfavorable) on the two measures, forming four neighborhood types (low on both measures, low PAE/high NE, high PAE/low NE, and high on both measures). Weight and height of children aged 6-11 years and one parent (n=730) from selected neighborhoods were assessed in 2007-2009. Differences in child and parent overweight and obesity by neighborhood type were examined, adjusting for neighborhood-, family-, and individual-level demographics.
RESULTS
Children from neighborhoods high on both environment measures were less likely to be obese (7.7% vs 15.9%, OR=0.44, p=0.02) and marginally less likely to be overweight (23.7% vs 31.7%, OR=0.67, p=0.08) than children from neighborhoods low on both measures. In models adjusted for parent weight status and demographic factors, neighborhood environment type remained related to child obesity (high vs low on both measures, OR=0.41, p<0.03). Parents in neighborhoods high on both measures (versus low on both) were marginally less likely to be obese (20.1% vs 27.7%, OR=0.66, p=0.08), although parent overweight did not differ by neighborhood environment. The lower odds of parent obesity in neighborhoods with environments supportive of physical activity and healthy eating remained in models adjusted for demographics (high vs low on the environment measures, OR=0.57, p=0.053).
CONCLUSIONS
Findings support the proposed GIS-based definitions of obesogenic neighborhoods for children and parents that consider both physical activity and nutrition environment features.
背景
识别与儿童肥胖相关的邻里环境属性可以为预防肥胖提供环境变化的信息。
目的
评估金县（西雅图大都市区）和圣地亚哥县的儿童和父母的体重状况，这些县在 GIS 定义的身体活动环境 (PAE) 和营养环境 (NE) 特征方面存在差异。
方法
选择邻里地区，代表两种措施的高低（有利），形成四种邻里类型（两种措施都低、PAE 低 NE 高、PAE 高 NE 低和两种措施都高）。2007-2009 年，从选定的邻里地区评估了 6-11 岁儿童及其一名家长（n=730）的体重和身高。调整邻里、家庭和个人层面的人口统计学因素后，检查了儿童和父母超重和肥胖的差异。
结果
来自环境措施均高的邻里地区的儿童肥胖的可能性较低（7.7%比 15.9%，OR=0.44，p=0.02），超重的可能性略低（23.7%比 31.7%，OR=0.67，p=0.08），比来自两种措施均低的邻里地区的儿童。在调整父母体重状况和人口统计学因素的模型中，邻里环境类型仍然与儿童肥胖有关（两种措施均高，OR=0.41，p<0.03）。在环境措施均高的邻里地区（而不是两者均低）的父母肥胖的可能性略低（20.1%比 27.7%，OR=0.66，p=0.08），尽管父母超重情况不因邻里环境而异。在调整人口统计学因素的模型中，支持身体活动和健康饮食的环境中父母肥胖的可能性较低的结果仍然存在（环境措施高与低，OR=0.57，p=0.053）。
结论
研究结果支持为儿童和父母提出的基于 GIS 的肥胖环境定义，该定义同时考虑了身体活动和营养环境特征。
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