Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center, Denver Health, Denver, CO, USA.
Ann Emerg Med. 2012 Oct;60(4):435-8. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2012.03.007. Epub 2012 May 9.
Δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol homologs have been increasingly abused since their introduction in 2004. Such products were used as a "legal high" for those wishing to experience cannabinoid effects while evading basic drugs-of-abuse testing. We describe a series of exposures to products marketed as synthetic cannabinoids to better characterize the clinical effects in these patients.
All Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol homolog exposures reported to the National Poison Data System between January 1, 2010, and October 1, 2010, were extracted with National Poison Data System generic codes and product codes for Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol homologs. Only cases involving a single-agent exposure to Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol homologs as the major category were analyzed. Descriptive statistics were generated for demographic data, management site, products involved, symptoms, duration of effects, treatments, and severity of clinical effects.
During the 9-month study period, there were 1,898 exposures to Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol homologs; 1,353 of these cases were single-agent exposures. The mean age was 22.5 years (SD 8.86 years). Most cases were reported in men (n=1,005; 74.3%). The majority of exposures were acute (88.2%; n=1,193). The most common clinical effect was tachycardia (37.7%; n=510). Seizures were reported in 52 patients (3.8%). The majority of clinical effects lasted for fewer than 8 hours (n=711; 78.4%) and resulted in 1,011 non-life-threatening clinical effects (92.9%). The most common therapeutic intervention was intravenous fluids (n=343; 25.3%). There was 1 death (0.1%).
The majority of cases were in young men intentionally abusing spice. Most exposures resulted in non-life-threatening effects not requiring treatment, although a minority of exposures resulted in more severe effects, including seizures.
自 2004 年引入以来，Δ-9-四氢大麻酚同系物的滥用情况日益严重。此类产品被用作“合法兴奋剂”，供那些希望体验大麻素作用而逃避基本药物滥用测试的人使用。我们描述了一系列接触被宣传为合成大麻素的产品的情况，以更好地描述这些患者的临床效果。
从 2010 年 1 月 1 日至 2010 年 10 月 1 日，从国家毒物数据系统中提取了以国家毒物数据系统通用代码和 Δ-9-四氢大麻酚同系物产品代码报告的所有 Δ-9-四氢大麻酚同系物暴露情况。仅分析了涉及单一药物暴露于 Δ-9-四氢大麻酚同系物作为主要类别的案例。针对人口统计学数据、管理地点、涉及的产品、症状、影响持续时间、治疗和临床效果严重程度生成描述性统计数据。
在 9 个月的研究期间，有 1898 例 Δ-9-四氢大麻酚同系物暴露；其中 1353 例为单一药物暴露。平均年龄为 22.5 岁（标准差 8.86 岁）。大多数病例报告发生在男性（n=1005；74.3%）。大多数暴露为急性（88.2%；n=1193）。最常见的临床效果是心动过速（37.7%；n=510）。有 52 例患者出现癫痫发作（3.8%）。大多数临床效果持续时间少于 8 小时（n=711；78.4%），导致 1011 例非生命威胁性临床效果（92.9%）。最常见的治疗干预是静脉输液（n=343；25.3%）。有 1 例死亡（0.1%）。
大多数病例发生在故意滥用香料的年轻男性中。大多数暴露导致非生命威胁性影响，无需治疗，尽管少数暴露导致更严重的影响，包括癫痫发作。
