Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Nanoscale. 2012 Sep 7;4(17):5461-8. doi: 10.1039/c2nr31185b. Epub 2012 Jul 30.
Engineered nanoparticles are increasingly being considered for use as biosensors, imaging agents and drug delivery vehicles. Their versatility in design and applications make them an attractive proposition for new biological and biomedical approaches. Despite the remarkable speed of development in nanoscience, relatively little is known about the interaction of nanoscale objects with living systems. In a biological fluid, proteins associate with nanoparticles, and the amount and the presentation of the proteins on their surface could lead to a different in vivo response than an uncoated particle. Here, in addition to protein adsorption, we are going to introduce concept of cell "vision", which would be recognized as another crucial factor that should be considered for the safe design of any type of nanoparticles that will be used in specific biomedical applications. The impact of exactly the same nanoparticles on various cells is significantly different and could not be assumed for other cells; the possible mechanisms that justify this cellular response relate to the numerous detoxification strategies that any particular cell can utilize in response to nanoparticles. The uptake and defence mechanism could be considerably different according to the cell type. Thus, what the cell "sees", when it is faced with nanoparticles, is most likely dependent on the cell type.
工程纳米粒子越来越多地被认为是生物传感器、成像剂和药物输送载体的候选材料。它们在设计和应用方面的多功能性使它们成为新的生物和生物医学方法的一个有吸引力的选择。尽管纳米科学的发展速度惊人，但对于纳米级物体与生命系统的相互作用，我们知之甚少。在生物流体中，蛋白质与纳米粒子结合，而蛋白质在其表面的数量和呈现方式可能导致与未涂层粒子不同的体内反应。在这里，除了蛋白质吸附之外，我们还将介绍细胞“识别”的概念，这将被视为安全设计任何类型的纳米粒子的另一个关键因素，这些纳米粒子将用于特定的生物医学应用。相同的纳米粒子对不同细胞的影响有显著差异，不能假定对其他细胞也有相同的影响；证明这种细胞反应的可能机制与任何特定细胞都可以利用的大量解毒策略有关。根据细胞类型的不同，摄取和防御机制可能会有很大的不同。因此，当细胞面对纳米粒子时，它“看到”的很可能取决于细胞类型。
