与哥伦比亚新安第斯地区美国皮肤利什曼病相关的环境因素。
Environmental factors associated with American cutaneous leishmaniasis in a new Andean focus in Colombia.
机构信息
Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas, Cali, Valle, Colombia Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Colombia Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK Program for study and Control of Tropical Disease, PECET, Antioquia, Colombia.
出版信息
Trop Med Int Health. 2012 Oct;17(10):1309-17. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.03065.x. Epub 2012 Aug 12.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the environmental and ecological factors associated with Leishmania transmission and vector abundance in Chaparral, Tolima-Colombia.
METHODS
First, we compared the ecological characteristics, abundance of phlebotomies and potential reservoir hosts in the peridomestic environment (100 m radius) of randomly selected houses, between two townships with high and low cutaneous leishmaniasis incidence. Second, we examined peridomestic correlates of phlebotomine abundance in all 43 houses in the higher risk township.
RESULTS
The high transmission township had higher coverage of forest (23%vs. 8.4%) and shade coffee (30.7%vs. 11%), and less coffee monoculture (16.8%vs. 26.2%) and pasture (6.3%vs. 12.3%), compared to the low transmission township. Lutzomyia were more abundant in the high transmission township 2.5 vs. 0.2/trap/night. Lutzomyia longiflocosa was the most common species in both townships: 1021/1450 (70%) and 39/80 (49%). Numbers of potential wild mammal reservoirs were small, although four species were found to be infected with Leishmania (Viannia) spp. In the high transmission township, the overall peridomiciliary capture rate of L. longiflocosa was 1.5/trap/night, and the abundance was higher in houses located nearer to forest (ρ = -0.30, P = 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The findings are consistent with a domestic transmission cycle with the phlebotomies dependent on dense vegetation near the house.
目的
评估与哥伦比亚托利马查拉尔莱什曼病传播和媒介丰度相关的环境和生态因素。
方法
首先，我们比较了高、低皮肤利什曼病发病率的两个镇之间，随机选择的房屋周围 100 米半径内的家庭环境中的生态特征、蚋类丰度和潜在的储存宿主。其次，我们检查了高风险镇所有 43 所房屋中与蚋类丰度相关的家庭环境因素。
结果
高传播镇的森林覆盖率（23%对 8.4%）和遮荫咖啡（30.7%对 11%）较高，咖啡单一栽培（16.8%对 26.2%）和牧场（6.3%对 12.3%）较少，与低传播镇相比。高传播镇的蚋类更为丰富，每诱捕器/夜 2.5 只对 0.2 只。在两个镇，长角血蝉都是最常见的物种：1021/1450（70%）和 39/80（49%）。潜在的野生哺乳动物储存库数量较少，但发现四种物种感染了利什曼（Viannia）属。在高传播镇，长角血蝉的总体家庭周围捕获率为 1.5 只/诱捕器/夜，且靠近森林的房屋中数量更高（ρ= -0.30，P = 0.05）。
结论
研究结果与家庭传播周期一致，蚋类依赖于房屋附近茂密的植被。
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