黑猩猩能够预测竞争对手的偏好与自己的一致。
Chimpanzees predict that a competitor's preference will match their own.
机构信息
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
出版信息
Biol Lett. 2013 Feb 23;9(1):20120829. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2012.0829.
The ability to predict how another individual will behave is useful in social competition. Chimpanzees can predict the behaviour of another based on what they observe her to see, hear, know and infer. Here we show that chimpanzees act on the assumption that others have preferences that match their own. All subjects began with a preference for a box with a picture of food over one with a picture of nothing, even though the pictures had no causal relation to the contents. In a back-and-forth food competition, chimpanzees then avoided the box with the picture of food when their competitor had chosen one of the boxes before them-presumably on the assumption that the competitor shared their own preference for it and had already chosen it. Chimpanzees predicted that their competitor's preference would match their own and adjusted their behavioural strategies accordingly.
预测另一个人行为的能力在社会竞争中很有用。黑猩猩可以根据他们观察到的、听到的、知道的和推断的内容来预测另一个黑猩猩的行为。在这里，我们表明黑猩猩的行为是基于这样一种假设，即其他人的偏好与自己的偏好相匹配。所有的受试者都开始喜欢一个有食物图片的盒子，而不是一个没有图片的盒子，尽管这些图片与盒子的内容没有因果关系。在来回的食物竞争中，当他们的竞争对手在他们之前选择了一个盒子时，黑猩猩会避免选择有食物图片的盒子——大概是基于这样一种假设，即竞争对手和他们自己一样喜欢它，并且已经选择了它。黑猩猩预测他们的竞争对手的偏好会与自己的相匹配，并相应地调整他们的行为策略。
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