Identification and initial characterization of Pneumocystis carinii soluble antigens in rabbit serum and lung lavage.

Lung lavage and serum samples from Azathioprin-treated (acute-phase infection) and untreated (non acute-phase infection) rabbits were used in the immunoblotting technique to look for Pneumocystis carinii (Pc) soluble antigens, using rabbit polyclonal antibodies raised against rabbit-derived Pc antigens and labeled with peroxidase. Analysis of the supernatant of lavage fluid after centrifugation to sediment intact organisms revealed components of approximately 80, 60-65, 55, 39 and 27 kDa in acute-phase samples. The components in the regions of 80, 60-65, 55 kDa and to a lesser extent 39 kDa were also present in non acute-phase lung lavage samples. In acute-phase serum samples, a major component of 80 kDa and minor components of about 65 and 39 kDa are detectable. The 80 and 65 kDa components are also detectable in some of the serum samples from the untreated rabbits. Immunofluorescent staining with FITC-conjugated affinity-purified antibodies to the 80, 60-65, 55, 39 or 27 kDa-components showed that they shared epitopes with both Pc cysts and trophozoites. The affinity-purified antibodies also cross-reacted in immunoblotting with several antigens in the Pc whole preparations. The putative Pc soluble antigens in serum and lung lavage were then isolated by affinity chromatography with polyclonal antibodies to Pc. Preliminary characterization of the column-extracted antigens revealed complete inactivation by trypsin whereas only the 55 and 80 kDa antigens bind to Concanavalin A. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that Pc soluble antigens are present even in non acute-phase samples and only the low-molecular weight antigens (39 and 27 kDa) seem specific for the acute-phase. These findings are consistent with previous investigations reported by others that development of Pc could occur in nonimmu-nosuppressed rabbits.