伊朗境内阿富汗难民人口统计学参数和主要健康转诊情况的回顾性研究。
A retrospective study of demographic parameters and major health referrals among Afghan refugees in Iran.
机构信息
Department of Research, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA.
出版信息
Int J Equity Health. 2012 Dec 20;11:82. doi: 10.1186/1475-9276-11-82.
INTRODUCTION
For nearly three decades, the two neighboring countries of Iran and Pakistan hosted millions of Afghans. Today, Afghans still represent the largest group of refugees in the world. This feature has greatly influenced provision of health care for this population. Due to a paucity of research on the health status of Afghan refugees in Iran, this study aim to make a vista on the pattern of different common diseases among Afghan refugees in Iran and use it as an index for performance evaluation of future health services to them.
METHODS
This is a retrospective cross sectional study, in which we collected the demographic and medical data between 2005 and 2010 from referrals to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) offices in Iran. We also considered a comparative review of the burden of disease estimates by the World Health Organization (WHO) for Afghanistan and Iran.
RESULTS
Total numbers of referrals were 23,152 with 52.6% Female and 47.66% male. 29% were 0-14 years of age, 54% were 15-59, and 17% were 60+. The most common health referral for females and males (0-14) was perinatal diseases (15.16%, 15.2%, respectively). In the females (15-59) it was ophthalmic diseases (13.65%), and for males it was nephropathies (21.4%), and in both sexes (60+) age range it was ophthalmic diseases (21.3%, 19.9%, respectively). The largest ethnic group of afghan refugees in this study was Hazara (55%) followed by Tajik (14%), Fars (12%), Sadat (9%), and 10% others. Ophthalmic diseases were the major cause of referrals by Hazara, Tajik, Fars, and Sadat groups with 26%, 20%, 26%, and 27% respectively. Referrals by pashtun group were mostly for neoplasms (17%), among Uzbek group it was nephropathies (26%), and in Baluch group Hematopoietic disorders (25%).
CONCLUSION
These data indicate higher referral rate for women 15-59 years of old and people in 60+ with ophthalmic diseases, neoplasms, and nephropathies. Even given certain intrinsic limitations of such a study, we believe these unique findings are worth further explanation. This implies the need for public health researchers to pursue prospective studies in these areas.
简介
近三十年来，伊朗和巴基斯坦这两个邻国一直接纳着数以百万计的阿富汗人。如今，阿富汗人仍然是世界上最大的难民群体。这一情况极大地影响了对这部分人群的医疗保健服务。由于缺乏对伊朗境内阿富汗难民健康状况的研究，本研究旨在了解伊朗境内阿富汗难民常见疾病的模式，并将其作为未来向他们提供卫生服务绩效评估的指标。
方法
这是一项回顾性的横断面研究，我们从 2005 年至 2010 年收集了在伊朗联合国难民署（UNHCR）办事处转诊的难民的人口统计学和医疗数据。我们还考虑了世界卫生组织（WHO）对阿富汗和伊朗疾病负担估计的比较审查。
结果
转诊总人数为 23152 人，其中女性占 52.6%，男性占 47.66%。29%的人年龄在 0-14 岁之间，54%的人年龄在 15-59 岁之间，17%的人年龄在 60 岁以上。女性（0-14 岁）和男性（0-14 岁）最常见的转诊原因是围产期疾病（分别为 15.16%和 15.2%）。在女性（15-59 岁）中，眼科疾病（13.65%）是最常见的转诊原因，而在男性中，肾脏疾病（21.4%）是最常见的转诊原因，在男女（60 岁以上）年龄段，眼科疾病（分别为 21.3%和 19.9%）是最常见的转诊原因。在本研究中，阿富汗难民的最大族裔群体是哈扎拉人（55%），其次是塔吉克人（14%）、法尔斯人（12%）、萨达特人（9%）和 10%的其他族裔。眼科疾病是哈扎拉人、塔吉克人、法尔斯人和萨达特人转诊的主要原因，分别占 26%、20%、26%和 27%。普什图族的转诊主要是肿瘤（17%），乌兹别克族的转诊是肾脏疾病（26%），俾路支族的转诊是血液系统疾病（25%）。
结论
这些数据表明，15-59 岁的女性和 60 岁以上的人群中，眼部疾病、肿瘤和肾脏疾病的转诊率较高。即使考虑到这种研究的某些内在局限性，我们也认为这些独特的发现值得进一步解释。这意味着公共卫生研究人员需要在这些领域开展前瞻性研究。
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