压力与寻求帮助解决酒精问题：1984 年至 2005 年的趋势和相关因素。
Pressure and help seeking for alcohol problems: trends and correlates from 1984 to 2005.
机构信息
Alcohol Research Group, 6475 Christie Ave., Ste. 400, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States.
出版信息
Addict Behav. 2013 Mar;38(3):1740-6. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.09.009. Epub 2012 Sep 14.
BACKGROUND
Individuals with alcohol problems frequently report receipt of pressure from a variety of formal and informal sources. While some studies have shown a positive association between receipt of pressure and treatment seeking, other studies have not found a clear association. The mix of findings may be due to several study design factors including sample limitations, lack of contextual alcohol measures as moderators, and failure to include assessment of internal beliefs that relate to help seeking.
METHODS
Current drinkers from the National Alcohol Surveys (NAS) from 1984 to 2005 (N=16,183) were used to describe the association between pressure and help seeking using moderators that included frequent heavy drinking, alcohol related negative consequences, and beliefs about abstention or moderation of alcohol consumption.
RESULTS
The rate of help seeking in the past year was 1.6% across all NAS surveys with Alcoholics Anonymous being the predominant source of help sought followed by physical or mental health services. In 1984 and 1990 approximately 80% of those seeking help also received pressure. The percent declined to 57% in 1995 and leveled off at 64% in 2000 and 61% in 2005. Logistic regression models showed an association between past year receipt of pressure and help seeking. Frequent heavy drinking, alcohol related negative consequences, and strong beliefs about alcohol use were also associated with help seeking, however, they did not moderate the relationship between pressure and help seeking.
CONCLUSIONS
Pressure is associated with help seeking as are a variety of other factors, including heavy alcohol consumption, negative consequences, and strong beliefs about moderate alcohol use. However, the effect of these factors appears to be independent of pressure and not interactive. Future research needs to assess the types of pressure and impact on help seeking to inform public policy and treatment providers as to who receives what type of pressure, when it is helpful, and when it is counterproductive.
背景
有酗酒问题的个体经常会受到来自各种正式和非正式来源的压力。虽然一些研究表明，个体收到的压力与寻求治疗之间呈正相关，但其他研究并未发现明确的关联。造成这种结果的原因可能有很多，包括研究设计因素，如样本局限性、缺乏作为调节变量的情境性酒精测量、以及未能评估与寻求帮助相关的内部信念。
方法
使用来自 1984 年至 2005 年全国酒精调查（NAS）的当前饮酒者数据（N=16183），使用包括频繁重度饮酒、酒精相关不良后果以及关于戒酒或适度饮酒的信念等调节变量，描述压力与寻求帮助之间的关系。
结果
在所有的 NAS 调查中，过去一年寻求帮助的比例为 1.6%，其中酒精匿名互助会是寻求帮助的主要来源，其次是身体或心理健康服务。1984 年和 1990 年，约 80%寻求帮助的人也收到了压力。这一比例在 1995 年下降到 57%，在 2000 年和 2005 年稳定在 64%和 61%。Logistic 回归模型显示，过去一年收到压力与寻求帮助之间存在关联。频繁重度饮酒、酒精相关不良后果和对饮酒的强烈信念也与寻求帮助有关，但它们并未调节压力与寻求帮助之间的关系。
结论
压力与寻求帮助有关，还有许多其他因素也与寻求帮助有关，包括重度饮酒、不良后果和对适度饮酒的强烈信念。然而，这些因素的影响似乎独立于压力，没有交互作用。未来的研究需要评估压力的类型及其对寻求帮助的影响，以便为公共政策和治疗提供者提供信息，了解哪些人会受到哪种类型的压力，何时是有益的，何时是适得其反的。
Zotero 插件