后碰撞后的回弹。

ProBiomechanics LLC, Bloomfield Hills, MI 48304-2952, USA.

Traffic Inj Prev. 2013;14(2):181-7. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2012.696450.

OBJECTIVE

A number of field accident studies have found that rebound is a source for occupant injury after rear impacts. Sled tests were run to investigate occupant kinematics and rebound, including head velocity and displacement with 3 different seats, 2 conventional seat designs, and 1 all belts to seat (ABTS).

METHODS

Nine rear-end sled tests were run with a belted 50th Hybrid III dummy on a Taurus, Mustang, or Sebring ABTS seat in nominally 16.5, 24.1, and 32.5 km/h rear-end delta Vs. There was no sled braking after the rear acceleration to study rebound from the seat. Dummy kinematics were analyzed from high-speed video and biomechanical responses from triaxial head and chest accelerations, triaxial upper and lower neck loads and moments, and seat belt loads. Peak responses were tabulated during seat back rotation rearward and rebound forward. Ratios of biomechanical and kinematic responses were determined comparing ABTS to conventional seat responses for each delta V. Student's t-test was used to determine significant differences between the ratios of ABTS to conventional seat responses.

RESULTS

The rebound velocity of the head varied from 2.9 to 6.8 m/s with respect to the sled. Overall, it was 69 ± 22 percent higher than the sled delta V. It was greatest with ABTS in the highest severity test where seat back yielding absorbed energy and reduced rebound in the conventional seats. The time to maximum forward excursion was significantly shorter with ABTS compared to the conventional seats with a ratio of 0.54 ± 0.34 (t = 6.13, df = 5, P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS

ABTS seats remain more upright in rear-end crashes and transfer greater load to the occupant during rebound than conventional seats that yield rearward and absorb energy in higher severity crashes. Rebound occurs earlier and at higher velocities with ABTS. This displaces the occupant toward the front interior. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Traffic Injury Prevention to view the supplemental file.

目的

多项现场事故研究发现，反弹是追尾事故中乘员受伤的一个原因。进行了滑橇试验，以研究乘员运动学和反弹，包括头部速度和 3 种不同座椅、2 种常规座椅设计和 1 种全带至座椅（ABTS）的位移。

方法

在 Taurus、Mustang 或 Sebring ABTS 座椅上，使用带有安全带的 50 百分位 Hybrid III 假人进行了 9 次尾部滑橇试验，名义上的尾部加速度为 16.5、24.1 和 32.5km/h。尾部加速后没有滑橇制动，以研究座椅反弹。从高速视频和三轴头部和胸部加速度、三轴上下颈部载荷和力矩以及座椅安全带载荷分析假人运动学。在座椅靠背向后旋转和向前反弹时列出了峰值响应。列出了每个 delta V 时 ABTS 与常规座椅响应的生物力学和运动学响应比值。使用学生 t 检验确定 ABTS 与常规座椅响应比值的显著差异。

结果

头部相对于滑橇的反弹速度为 2.9 至 6.8m/s。总体而言，它比滑橇 delta V 高 69±22%。在最高严重程度的测试中，ABTS 座椅的背部屈服吸收能量并减少了常规座椅的反弹，反弹速度最大。与常规座椅相比，ABTS 的最大向前位移时间明显更短，比值为 0.54±0.34（t=6.13，df=5，P<.001）。