Ivana Zofková, Petra Nemcikova, Petr Matucha
Institute of Endocrinology, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague 1, Czech Republic.
Clin Chem Lab Med. 2013 Aug;51(8):1555-61. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2012-0868.
The importance of nutrition factors such as calcium, vitamin D and vitamin K for the integrity of the skeleton is well known. Moreover, bone health is positively influenced by certain elements (e.g., zinc, copper, fluorine, manganese, magnesium, iron and boron). Deficiency of these elements slows down the increase of bone mass in childhood and/or in adolescence and accelerates bone loss after menopause or in old age. Deterioration of bone quality increases the risk of fractures. Monitoring of homeostasis of the trace elements together with the measurement of bone density and biochemical markers of bone metabolism should be used to identify and treat patients at risk of non-traumatic fractures. Factors determining the effectivity of supplementation include dose, duration of treatment, serum concentrations, as well as interactions among individual elements. Here, we review the effect of the most important trace elements on the skeleton and evaluate their clinical importance.
营养因素如钙、维生素 D 和维生素 K 对骨骼的完整性非常重要，这是众所周知的。此外，某些元素（如锌、铜、氟、锰、镁、铁和硼）也会对骨骼健康产生积极影响。这些元素的缺乏会减缓儿童和/或青春期骨量的增加，并加速绝经后或老年时的骨质流失。骨质量的恶化会增加骨折的风险。通过监测微量元素的体内平衡以及测量骨密度和骨代谢的生化标志物，应该用于识别和治疗有非创伤性骨折风险的患者。决定补充有效性的因素包括剂量、治疗持续时间、血清浓度以及个体元素之间的相互作用。在这里，我们回顾了最重要的微量元素对骨骼的影响，并评估了它们的临床重要性。
