Ortiz-Moncada R, Norte Navarro A I, Zaragoza Marti A, Fernández Sáez J, Davó Blanes Ma C
Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, España.
Nutr Hosp. 2012 Nov-Dec;27(6):1952-9. doi: 10.3305/nh.2012.27.6.6091.
To determine the pattern of food intake among the students of the University of Alicante (UA) by the level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet.
Descriptive trans-sectional study estimating the individual intake by means of a questionnaire of food intake frequency (QFIF) in a representative sample of 380 college students.
age, gender, geographical area of origin, self-communicated weight and height; types and intake frequencies of the foods included in the QFIF. The percentage of adherence was calculated taking into account the actual intake and the intake recommended in the guideline of traditional Mediterranean diet: 100 x servings consumed/recommended servings. We established 5 ranges of percentage of adherence: optimal intake (80%-119%), acceptable intake (60%-79%), deficient intake (40%-59%), very deficient intake (< 39%), excessive intake (> 120%). We analyzed the differences in proportions distribution and the Student's t test with EPIDAT 3.1 and SPSS 15.0.
The prevalence of overweight/obesity is higher in men (34.6%) than in women (9.8%), p < 0.001, whereas women had higher prevalence of low weight (7.0%) than men (0.7%), p < 0.05. The consumption of grains and derivatives was very deficient (women = 90.6; men = 94.9) whereas the intake of red meats (women = 90.6; men = 92.7) and cold meats (women = 95.9%, men = 96.3%) was excessive. No student had an "optimal intake" or an "acceptable intake" of all the dietary groups (n = 12).
The educational level and access to the information do not protect the university population from socio-environmental factors that have an influence on their dietary habits. The public health strategies focused on this population group should be strengthen.
根据对地中海饮食的依从程度，确定阿利坎特大学（UA）学生的食物摄入模式。
采用描述性横断面研究，通过食物摄入频率问卷（QFIF）对380名大学生的代表性样本进行个体摄入量评估。
年龄、性别、原籍地理区域、自我报告的体重和身高；QFIF中包含的食物类型和摄入频率。依从百分比通过实际摄入量与传统地中海饮食指南中推荐摄入量计算得出：100×食用份数/推荐份数。我们设定了5个依从百分比范围：最佳摄入量（80%-119%）、可接受摄入量（60%-79%）、不足摄入量（40%-59%）、严重不足摄入量（<39%）、过量摄入量（>120%）。我们使用EPIDAT 3.1和SPSS 15.0分析比例分布差异和学生t检验。
男性超重/肥胖患病率（34.6%）高于女性（9.8%），p<0.001，而女性低体重患病率（7.0%）高于男性（0.7%），p<0.05。谷物及其衍生物的摄入量严重不足（女性=90.6；男性=94.9），而红肉（女性=90.6；男性=92.7）和冷肉（女性=95.9%，男性=96.3%）的摄入量过量。没有学生在所有饮食组中达到“最佳摄入量”或“可接受摄入量”（n=12）。
教育水平和信息获取并不能保护大学生群体免受影响其饮食习惯的社会环境因素的影响。应加强针对这一人群的公共卫生策略。
