Jiménez-Caballero Pedro E, López-Espuela Fidel, Portilla-Cuenca Juan C, Jiménez-Gracia M Antonia, Casado-Naranjo Ignacio
Servicio de Neurología, Hospital San Pedro de Alcantara, 10003 Caceres, Espana.
Rev Neurol. 2013 May 1;56(9):464-70.
Certain modifiable cerebrovascular risk factors, such as arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and atrial fibrillation, must be recognised and controlled if a decrease in the appearance of cerebrovascular diseases is to be achieved. On some occasions the presenting symptom of these risk factors may be a stroke.
A prospective observation-based study was conducted with a sample of patients who were admitted to the stroke unit of our hospital due to an acute cerebrovascular disease, namely transient ischaemic attack and ischaemic stroke, in order to determine the percentage of patients with previously undiagnosed arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and atrial fibrillation.
A total of 186 patients were selected for the study. Of the total number of patients, 24 presented unknown arterial hypertension (12.9%); 11 had unknown diabetes mellitus (5.9%); 49 had unknown hypercholesterolemia (26.3%); 15 had unknown hypertriglyceridemia (8.1%); and 22 had unknown atrial fibrillation (11.8%). Altogether 96 of them (51.6%) had at least one of these cerebrovascular risk factors. The existence of a previously undiagnosed risk factor was higher in the rural setting, in subjects who had not died at six months and in transient ischaemic attacks than in cases of ischaemic strokes.
Over half the subjects who suffer a cerebrovascular event have a risk factor that has not previously been diagnosed. Campaigns should be carried out to implement detection of these factors, and increased efforts must be made to lower the appearance and recurrence of vascular pathologies.
如果要减少脑血管疾病的发生，就必须识别并控制某些可改变的脑血管危险因素，如动脉高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常和心房颤动。在某些情况下，这些危险因素的首发症状可能是中风。
对因急性脑血管疾病（即短暂性脑缺血发作和缺血性中风）入住我院卒中单元的患者样本进行了一项基于观察的前瞻性研究，以确定先前未被诊断出患有动脉高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常和心房颤动的患者比例。
共选取186例患者进行研究。在所有患者中，24例患有未确诊的动脉高血压（12.9%）；11例患有未确诊的糖尿病（5.9%）；49例患有未确诊的高胆固醇血症（26.3%）；15例患有未确诊的高甘油三酯血症（8.1%）；22例患有未确诊的心房颤动（11.8%）。其中共有96例（51.6%）患者至少存在这些脑血管危险因素中的一种。农村地区、六个月内未死亡的患者以及短暂性脑缺血发作患者中先前未被诊断出的危险因素的存在比例高于缺血性中风患者。
超过一半的脑血管事件患者存在先前未被诊断出的危险因素。应开展相关活动以实现对这些因素的检测，并且必须加大力度降低血管疾病的发生和复发。
