学龄前儿童的营养状况：母亲身体认知和担忧的当前趋势。
Nutritional status in preschool children: current trends of mother's body perception and concerns.
机构信息
Health School, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Portugal.
出版信息
Aten Primaria. 2013 May;45 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):194-200. doi: 10.1016/S0212-6567(13)70022-2.
BACKGROUND
Studies in several countries indicate that parents show little concern and aren't much aware of the nutritional status of their children, and have the tendency to underestimate the overweight which may present a difficulty when promoting healthier life styles. The aim of this study was to identify maternal body image perceptions in preschool children and analyze its relationship with nutritional status and family social demographic variables.
METHODS
A transversal and descriptive study was developed in a sample of 1424 preschool children and their mothers living in several parts of Portugal. The children were weighted and measured by trained personnel, the BMI was calculated and the nutritional status was classified according to the NCHS referential (CDC, 2000).(1) Mother's real and ideal body image perception from their children was evaluated according to Collins' body image silhouettes (1991).(2)
RESULTS
The ideal and real perception was translated in a negative index on both children's genders, however 67.2% of the mothers revealed accuracy of perception, while 22.3% had a negative and 12.8% a positive discrepancy, being this significant concerning gender and age of the children. Children's actual weight status (ie, 60.2% normal weight, 16.9% overweight, 17.4% obese and 5.5% underweight) was significantly different from their parents' perceptions (ie, 52.3% normal weight, 27.5% overweight 0,6% obesity and 19.6% underweight) explaining in 25.9% the variability of this perception. Globally 42.3% has no discrepancy but 44.3% thinks that children were thin and 13.4% heavier. This difference is significant concerning the age and scholarship of the mothers but has no relation with the income and residence.
CONCLUSION
Despite signs of a positive trend, mothers continue to show difficulty in recognizing the children's nutritional status, so effective public health strategies to increase parents' awareness could be the first step in an effort to prevent childhood obesity.
背景
多个国家的研究表明，父母对孩子的营养状况关注甚少，也没有太多了解，并且往往低估孩子可能存在的超重问题，这给推广更健康的生活方式带来了困难。本研究旨在确定学龄前儿童的母亲身体意象感知，并分析其与营养状况和家庭社会人口统计学变量的关系。
方法
这是一项在葡萄牙多个地区的 1424 名学龄前儿童及其母亲中进行的横断面描述性研究。由经过培训的人员对儿童进行称重和测量，计算 BMI，并根据 NCHS 参考值（CDC，2000 年）对营养状况进行分类。（1）根据 Collins 的身体意象剪影（1991 年）评估母亲对孩子真实和理想身体形象的感知。（2）
结果
男孩和女孩的理想和现实感知都被转化为一个负面指数，但 67.2%的母亲表现出感知的准确性，而 22.3%的母亲感知有偏差，22.3%的母亲感知有偏差，12.8%的母亲感知有偏差，这在儿童的性别和年龄方面是显著的。儿童的实际体重状况（即 60.2%正常体重、16.9%超重、17.4%肥胖和 5.5%体重不足）与父母的感知明显不同（即 52.3%正常体重、27.5%超重、0.6%肥胖和 19.6%体重不足），解释了这种感知的 25.9%可变性。总的来说，42.3%没有差异，但 44.3%认为孩子瘦，13.4%认为孩子胖。这种差异在母亲的年龄和学历方面是显著的，但与收入和居住地无关。
结论
尽管有积极的趋势迹象，但母亲们在识别孩子的营养状况方面仍存在困难，因此，有效的公共卫生策略来提高父母的认识可能是预防儿童肥胖的第一步。
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