Bassett-Gunter Rebecca L, Levy-Milne Ryna, Naylor Patti Jean, Symons Downs Danielle, Benoit Cecilia, Warburton Darren E R, Blanchard Chris M, Rhodes Ryan E
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2013 Jul 6;10:88. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-10-88.
Transitioning to parenthood is a major life event that may impact parents' personal lifestyles, yet there is an absence of theory-based research examining the impact of parenthood on motives for dietary behaviour. As a result, we are unaware of the social cognitive variables that predict eating behaviour among those transitioning to parenthood. The purpose of the study was to examine eating behaviour motives across 12 months within the framework of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and compare these across groups of new parents, non-parents, and established parents.
Non-parents (n = 92), new parents (n = 135), and established parents (n = 71) completed TPB questionnaires assessing attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control (PBC), and intentions and three day food records at baseline, and 6- and 12-months post-delivery (for parents) and 6- and 12-months post-baseline (for non-parents).
Repeated measures ANOVAs revealed that among men, new- and established-parents had greater intentions to eat healthy compared to non-parents, F(2) = 3.59, p = .03. Among women, established parents had greater intentions than new- and non-parents, F(2) = 5.33, p = .01. Among both men and women during the first 6-months post-delivery, new-parents experienced decreased PBC, whereas established parents experienced increased PBC. Overall, affective attitudes were the strongest predictor of intentions for men (β = 0.55, p < .001) and women (β = 0.38, p < .01). PBC predicted changes in fruit and vegetable consumption for men (β = 0.45, p = .02), and changes in fat consumption for men (β = -0.25, p = .03) and women (β = -.24, p < .05), regardless of parent status.
The transition to parenthood for new and established parents may impact motivation for healthy eating, especially PBC within the framework of TPB. However, regardless of parental status, affective attitudes and PBC are critical antecedents of intentions and eating behaviour. Interventions should target affective attitudes and PBC to motivate healthy eating and may need to be intensified during parenthood.
为人父母是人生中的一件大事，可能会影响父母的个人生活方式，但缺乏基于理论的研究来探讨为人父母对饮食行为动机的影响。因此，我们并不清楚哪些社会认知变量能够预测初为人父母者的饮食行为。本研究的目的是在计划行为理论（TPB）的框架内，考察12个月内的饮食行为动机，并在初为人父母者、非父母者和已为人父母者群体之间进行比较。
非父母者（n = 92）、初为人父母者（n = 135）和已为人父母者（n = 71）完成了TPB问卷，评估态度、主观规范、感知行为控制（PBC）和意图，并在基线时、产后6个月和12个月（针对父母）以及基线后6个月和12个月（针对非父母者）记录了三天的食物摄入情况。
重复测量方差分析显示，在男性中，初为人父母者和已为人父母者相比于非父母者有更强的健康饮食意图，F(2) = 3.59，p = 0.03。在女性中，已为人父母者比初为人父母者和非父母者有更强的意图，F(2) = 5.33，p = 0.01。在产后的前6个月，初为人父母的男性和女性的PBC都有所下降，而已经为人父母者的PBC则有所上升。总体而言，情感态度是男性（β = 0.55，p < 0.001）和女性（β = 0.38，p < 0.01）意图的最强预测因素。无论父母身份如何，PBC都能预测男性水果和蔬菜摄入量的变化（β = 0.45，p = 0.02），以及男性（β = -0.25，p = 0.03）和女性（β = -0.24，p < 0.05）脂肪摄入量的变化。
初为人父母者和已为人父母者向为人父母的转变可能会影响健康饮食的动机，尤其是在TPB框架内的PBC。然而，无论父母身份如何，情感态度和PBC都是意图和饮食行为的关键前提。干预措施应针对情感态度和PBC，以促进健康饮食，并且在为人父母期间可能需要加强。
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